切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (02) : 83 -90. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2024.02.004

论著

多重耐药菌感染呼吸机相关性肺炎的危险因素及预后分析
尹燕燕1, 刘爱贤1,()   
  1. 1. 100144 北京,首都医科大学附属北京康复医院神经康复中心
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-27 出版日期:2024-04-15
  • 通信作者: 刘爱贤
  • 基金资助:
    首都卫生发展科研专项(No. 2024-2-2251); 首都医科大学附属北京康复医院2020-2022年科技发展专项(No. 2020-027)

Risk factors and prognosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia infected by multidrug-resistant organism

Yanyan Yin1, Aixian Liu1,()   

  1. 1. Neurorehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China
  • Received:2023-10-27 Published:2024-04-15
  • Corresponding author: Aixian Liu
引用本文:

尹燕燕, 刘爱贤. 多重耐药菌感染呼吸机相关性肺炎的危险因素及预后分析[J]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(02): 83-90.

Yanyan Yin, Aixian Liu. Risk factors and prognosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia infected by multidrug-resistant organism[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(02): 83-90.

目的

分析神经重症康复患者多重耐药菌(MDRO)感染呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的危险因素及1年预后。

方法

收集2020年12月至2022年9月首都医科大学附属北京康复医院神经重症康复病房住院的神经重症康复患者共248例,入院时患者无明显全身感染,根据住院期间是否被诊断为MDRO感染VAP分为病例组(80例)和对照组(168例)。各观察指标中计量资料呈正态分布者采取两个独立样本t检验,非正态分布者采取非参数检验。计数资料采用卡方检验。经单因素分析后有统计学差异的指标为自变量,住院期间是否诊断MDRO感染VAP为因变量,行多因素Logistic回归分析神经重症康复患者MDRO感染VAP的危险因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,评估各危险因素预测住院期间获得MDRO感染VAP的价值。绘制生存曲线比较病例组与对照组患者1年生存率。

结果

符合入组条件的神经重症患者共248例,住院期间明确为MDRO感染的VAP患者(病例组)80例(32.26%),168例(67.74%)患者未诊断MDRO感染VAP(对照组)。两组患者年龄(Z = 0.221、P = 0.026)、GCS评分(Z = 3.153、P = 0.002)、发病至入院前时间(Z = 2.238、P = 0.025)、入院时血红蛋白(Z = 2.502、P = 0.012)、使用机械通气(χ2 = 18.750、P < 0.001)、慢性肾功能不全病史(χ2 = 7.394、P = 0.007)、静脉使用抑酸药(χ2 = 8.556、P = 0.003)、使用中心静脉导管(CVC)(χ2 = 15.262、P < 0.001)和单次气管切开套管囊上引流量(χ2 = 17.908、P < 0.001),差异有统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:使用机械通气(OR = 2.514、95%CI:1.326~4.767、P = 0.005),使用CVC(OR = 2.400、95%CI:1.210~4.759、P = 0.012),GCS评分(OR = 0.845、95%CI:0.766~0.932、P = 0.001)和单次气管切开套管囊上引流量(OR = 2.323、95%CI:1.494~3.613、P = 0.032)均为神经重症康复患者MDRO感染VAP的独立危险因素。ROC曲线显示预测MDRO感染VAP的危险因素:机械通气时间、中心静脉导管使用时间、GCS评分和单次气管切开套管囊上引流量的灵敏度分别为43.7%、37.5%、68.7%和86.2%,特异性分别为94.0%、91.1%、54.8%和53.0%;曲线下面积分别为0.687、0.632、0.623和0.728,最佳截断值分别为96 h、16 d、8和2.8 ml。生存曲线Log-rank检验显示,病例组较对照组1年生存率较低,差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 39.004、P < 0.001)。

结论

缩短机械通气时间、减少非必要导管日、促醒、减少气管切开套管囊上引流量可有效预防神经重症患者MDRO感染VAP。

Objective

To investigate the risk factors and one-year prognosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) infected by multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) in patients treated in severe neurological rehabilitation ward.

Methods

Total of 248 patients with severe neurological rehabilitation who were hospitalized in the neurological intensive care rehabilitation unit of Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University from December 2020 to September 2022 were collected. There were no obvious systemic infection at admission. They were divided into case group (80 cases) and control group (168 cases) according to whether diagnosed with VAP infected by MDRO during hospitalization. Two independent sample t tests were taken for the measurement data with normal distribution and Mann-Whitney U tests were taken for the measurement data with non-normal distribution. The classified data were analyzed by Chi-square analysis. The indicators with significant differences in univariate analysis were independent variables, and the diagnosis of VAP infected by MDRO during hospitalization was the dependent variable. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to find the risk factors of VAP infected by MDRO in patients with severe neurological rehabilitation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to assess the value of risk factors to predict the acquisition of VAP caused by MDRO during hospitalization. Survival curves were drawn to compare one-year survival rates between VAP group and control group.

Results

Among the 248 patients with severe neurological conditions eligible for enrollment, 80 patients (32.26%) were confirmed of VAP with MDRO during hospitalization (case group), and 168 patients (67.74%) were undiagnosed (control group). The age (Z = 0.221, P = 0.026), GCS score (Z = 3.153, P = 0.002), time from onset to admission (Z = 2.238, P = 0.025), hemochrome at admission (Z = 2.502, P = 0.012), use of mechanical ventilation (χ2 = 18.750, P < 0.001), history of chronic renal insufficiency (χ2 = 7.394, P = 0.007), intravenous use of acid inhibitors (χ2 = 8.556, P = 0.003), use of central vein catheter (CVC) (χ2 = 15.262, P < 0.001) and single drainage volume of subglottic secretion (DVSS) (χ2 = 17.908, P < 0.001) between the two groups were all significantly different. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated: mechanical ventilation (MV) (OR = 2.514, 95%CI: 1.326-4.767, P = 0.005), use of CVC (OR = 2.400, 95%CI: 1.210-4.759, P = 0.012), GCS score (OR = 0.845, 95%CI: 0.766-0.932, P = 0.001), and DVSS (OR = 2.323, 95%CI: 1.494-3.613, P = 0.032) were independent risk factors for VAP infected by MDRO in patients with severe neurological conditions. ROC curves showed the predicting risk factors for MDRO infection with VAP: the sensitivity of time of MV, time of CVC, GCS and DVSS were 43.7%, 37.5%, 68.7% and 86.2%; and the specificity of them were 94.0%, 91.1%, 54.8% and 53.0%; the areas under the curve of them were 0.687, 0.632, 0.623 and 0.728; and the optimal cut-off values were 96 h, 16 d, 8 min and 2.8 ml, respectively. Comparative survival analysis by Log-rank test displayed that the VAP group infected by MDRO had a lower one-year survival rate than the control group, with significant differences (χ2 = 39.004, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Shortening the time of mechanical ventilation, reducing unnecessary catheter days, promoting wakefulness and reducing DVSS could effectively prevent VAP infected by MDRO in patients with severe neurological conditions.

表1 MDRO感染分布
表2 病例组和对照组患者的基本临床资料
指标 非MDRO组(168例) MDRO组(80例) 统计量 P
性别[男(%)] 121(72.02) 55(68.75) χ2 = 0.282 0.595a
年龄[M(P25,P75),岁] 63(53,70) 67.5(57,75) Z =-0.221 0.026
损伤部位[例(%)]     χ2 = 0.316 0.989b
大脑皮层 52(30.95) 27(33.75)    
基底节丘脑 45(26.79) 20(25.00)    
脑干 20(11.90) 9(11.25)    
小脑 3(1.79) 1(1.25)    
弥漫损伤 48(28.57) 23(28.75)    
GCS评分[M(P25,P75)] 9(7,12) 7(6,10) Z =-3.153 0.002
发病至入院前时间[M(P25,P75),d] 34(21.00,51.50) 41(29.00,67.00) Z =-2.238 0.025
入院血红蛋白[M(P25,P75)] 110(97.00,122.75) 103(93.00,116.75) Z =-2.502 0.012
入院白蛋白[M(P25,P75)] 34(31.35,37.48) 34(31.10,36.23) Z =-0.781 0.435
机械通气[例(%)] 45(26.79) 44(55.00) χ2 = 18.750 < 0.001a
糖尿病[例(%)] 35(20.83) 21(26.25) χ2 = 0.910 0.340a
高血压[例(%)] 116(69.05) 58(72.50) χ2 = 0.309 0.579a
COPD [例(%)] 0(0.00) 1(1.25) 0.323c
慢性肾功能不全[例(%)] 7(4.17) 11(13.75) χ2 = 7.394 0.007b
使用糖皮质激素[例(%)] 8(4.76) 7(8.75) χ2 = 0.896 0.344
应用静脉抑酸药[例(%)] 39(23.21) 33(41.25) χ2 = 8.556 0.003a
CVC [例(%)] 32(19.05) 34(42.50) χ2 = 15.262 < 0.001a
单次DVSS(1/2/3)*(例) 117/41/10 34/33/13 χ2 = 17.908 < 0.001a
表3 神经重症康复患者发生MDRO的多因素Logistic回归分析
图1 各危险因素预测MDRO感染VAP的ROC曲线注:DVSS:气管切开套管囊上引流量;MV时间:机械通气使用时间,CVC时间:中心静脉导管使用时间;GCS:格拉斯哥昏迷评分。DVSS vs. CVC时间:Z = 2.043、P = 0.0411;DVSS vs. GCS:Z = 2.152、P = 0.0314;DVSS vs. MV时间:Z = 0.833、P = 0.4051;CVC时间vs. GCS:Z = 0.171、P = 0.8646;CVC时间vs. MV时间:Z = 1.511、P = 0.1309;GCS vs. MV时间:Z = 1.162、P = 0.2452
表4 各危险因素对MDRO感染VAP的预测价值
图2 是否发生MDRO感染VAP的生存曲线
[1]
黄英姿主编. 重症医学[M]. 1版. 北京: 人民卫生出版社,2017:145-151.
[2]
Papazian L, Klompas M, Luyt CE. Ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults a narrative review[J]. Intensive Care Med,2020,46(5):888-906.
[3]
印夏微. 康复科多重耐药菌感染现状分析及预防控制对策[J]. 系统医学,2021,6(10):191-194.
[4]
Boonstra MB, Spijkerman DC M, Voor AF, et al. An outbreak of ST307 extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a rehabilitation center: an unusual source and route of transmission[J]. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol,2020,41(1):31-36.
[5]
中华医学会呼吸病学分会感染学组. 中国成人医院获得性肺炎与呼吸机相关性肺炎诊断和治疗指南(2018年版)[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志,2018,41(4):255-280.
[6]
Sumit R, Debabrata D, Nidhima A. Introducing the new face of CLSI M100 in 2023: An explanatory review[J]. Indian J Med Microbiol,2023,46:100432.
[7]
Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, et al. Multidrug resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance[J]. Clin Microbiol Infect,2012,18(3):268-281.
[8]
DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL. Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach[J]. Biometrics 1988,44(3):837-845.
[9]
Vanhems P, Benet T, Voirin N, et al. Early-onset ventilator-associated Pneumonia incidence in intensive care units: a surveillance based study[J]. BMC Infect Dis,2011,11(6):236-245.
[10]
Gupta A, Agrawal A, Mehrotra S, et al. Incidence, risk stratification, antibiogram of pathogens isolated and clinical outcome of ventilator associated pneumonia[J]. Indian J Crit Care Med,2011,15(2):96-101.
[11]
王莹, 孙春梅, 贾云华. ICU患者多重耐药菌感染及危险因素分析[J]. 医院管理论坛,2021,38(10):45-48.
[12]
Gu D, Dong N, Zheng Z, et al. Afataloutbreak of ST11 carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumonia Chinese hospital: a molecular epidemiological study[J]. Lancet Infect Dis,2018,18(1):37-46.
[13]
Rodríguez-Villodres Á, Martín-Gandul C, Peñalva G, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for multidrug-resistant organisms colonization in long-term care facilities around the world: a review[J]. Antibiotics,2021,10(6):680.
[14]
卜春红, 滑立伟, 付强, 等. ICU呼吸机相关性肺炎病原菌分布情况及多重耐药菌感染的危险因素调查研究[J]. 河北医学,2022,28(7):1166-1172.
[15]
周媛媛, 周珏, 许飚, 等. 某中医院重症监护病房医院感染现状及患者预后分析[J]. 实用临床医药杂志,2023,27(10):117-123.
[16]
纪玉红, 司晓盼, 李文华. ICU老年患者下呼吸道多重耐药肺炎克雷伯菌感染的危险因素分析及对预后的影响[J]. 国际呼吸杂志,2021,41(24):1859-1864.
[17]
蒋玮, 谭波涛, 文思阳, 等. 神经康复病房肺部多重耐药菌感染的病原学特点及影响因素分析[J]. 重庆医学,2023,54(4):497-501.
[18]
Pozuelo-Carrascosa DP, Herráiz-Adillo Á, Alvarez-Bueno C, et al. Subglottic secretion drainage for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia: an overview of systematic reviews and an updated meta-analysis[J]. Eur Respir Rev,2020,29(155):190107.
[19]
Hellyer TP, McAuley DF, Walsh TS, et al. More research is required to understand factors influencing antibiotic prescribing in complex conditions like suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia[J]. Ann Transl Med,2020,8(13):840.
[20]
谢海雄, 张韵. 碳青霉烯类药物暴露对鲍曼不动杆菌感染多重耐药及预后影响[J/CD]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版),2019,13(2):140-145.
[21]
杨钧, 王海燕, 梁惠, 等. 重症医学科呼吸机相关性肺炎危险因素的前瞻性研究[J]. 中华急诊医学杂志,2014,23(11):1239-1243.
[22]
李占结, 张永祥, 周苏明, 等. 非重症监护病房多重耐药菌感染来源及分布[J/CD]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版),2022,16(1):1-8.
[23]
Choi MI, Han SY, Jeon HS, et al. The influence of professional oral hygiene care on reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma intensive care unit patients[J]. Br Dent J,2022,232(4):253-259.
[24]
王娜, 王丰容, 刘芦姗. 急诊病房脑卒中相关性肺炎的因素及预后分析[J]. 中国康复理论与实践,2017,23(8):932-936.
[25]
刘悦, 张博寒, 王艳玲, 等. 持续与间断气囊压力监控在机械通气病人中应用效果比较的Meta分析[J]. 护理研究,2021,35(5):823-831.
[26]
Hu L, Peng K, Huang X, et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention in the Intensive care unit using Postpyloric tube feeding in China (VIP study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial[J]. Trials,2022,23(1):478.
[27]
Da Rocha Gaspar MD, Antunes Rinaldi EC, Guetter Mello R, et al. Impact of evidence-based bundles on ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention: A systematic review[J]. Infect Dev Ctries,2023,17(2):194-201.
[1] 孙姚承, 汤建军, 张伟元, 刘传磊. 阳性淋巴结比和阳性淋巴结对数比对结直肠癌患者预后价值的研究[J]. 中华普通外科学文献(电子版), 2024, 18(03): 204-208.
[2] 蔡大明, 陆晓峰, 王行舟, 王萌, 刘颂, 夏雪峰, 沈晓菲, 杜峻峰, 管文贤. 三级淋巴结构在胃神经内分泌瘤中的预后价值及预后预测模型构建[J]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(04): 401-405.
[3] 达热拜·热达提, 刘林, 赵为民, 孟涛, 雷程, 金博, 毕建军, 李新宇, 王海江. 中低位直肠癌新辅助放化疗后侧方淋巴结清扫术的临床观察[J]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(04): 415-418.
[4] 丁关棣, 黄云, 曹震, 刘刚. 胃癌根治术后感染性并发症预测:基于真实世界数据的Nomogram模型开发与验证[J]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(03): 261-266.
[5] 李娇娇, 张军, 徐顺. 全程新辅助治疗联合全直肠系膜切除术对局部进展期直肠癌预后的影响研究[J]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(03): 283-286.
[6] 王东阳, 林琳, 娄熙彬. SII对局部进展期胃癌nCRT+腹腔镜胃癌根治术后并发症及预后的影响研究[J]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(03): 315-318.
[7] 高佳, 姜吉询, 王鑫, 吴婷, 向江明. 病理性乳头溢液单中心临床分析附168例报告[J]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(03): 323-326.
[8] 聂彬, 赵铁军, 于云宝, 李欢, 谢林峻. 单孔加一孔腹腔镜手术与传统腹腔镜手术治疗乙状结肠癌的疗效与分析[J]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(03): 330-333.
[9] 颜晓敏, 崔嵘嵘. 23例乳腺佩吉特病的经验交流[J]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(03): 353-354.
[10] 周慧宇, 吕定阳, 双卫兵. 联合系统性免疫炎症指数和预后营养指数预测腹腔镜肾切除术后肾癌患者的预后[J]. 中华腔镜泌尿外科杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(03): 225-231.
[11] 郝智勇, 雷霞, 张国锋, 李锋. 经腹腹膜前疝修补术治疗阴囊疝术后血清肿的相关危险因素分析及预测模型构建[J]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(03): 291-295.
[12] 王鹏, 翟洪涛, 秦旭东. 腹股沟疝患者术后手术部位感染的危险因素分析[J]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(03): 307-310.
[13] 曾谣, 谢琴, 陈显育, 王平根, 毛玲秋, 何丹玲, 杜飞, 郑希彦, 何函樨. CDC42EP2基因与肝癌预后、免疫细胞浸润关系及其对细胞迁移侵袭的影响[J]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2024, 13(03): 363-369.
[14] 陈显育, 曾谣, 莫钊鸿, 翟航, 张广权, 钟造茂, 陈署贤. 生物信息学分析CETP基因在肝癌中表达及其对预后和免疫的影响[J]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2024, 13(02): 214-219.
[15] 安亚楠, 王端然, 郭甜甜, 武希润. 幽门螺杆菌阴性胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤的研究进展[J]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2024, 14(03): 268-274.
阅读次数
全文


摘要