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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (06) : 385 -390. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2022.06.005

论著

慢性呼吸衰竭合并肺部念珠菌感染的临床特征及影响因素
林亚丽1, 朱丹2, 李云霞3, 刘晓芳1,()   
  1. 1. 100176 北京,首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院呼吸与危重症医学科
    2. 100176 北京,首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院全科医疗科
    3. 100176 北京,首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-28 出版日期:2022-12-15
  • 通信作者: 刘晓芳
  • 基金资助:
    北京市自然科学基金(No. 7212018)

Clinical characteristics and influencing factors of chronic respiratory failure combined with pulmonary Candida infection

Yali Lin1, Dan Zhu2, Yunxia Li3, Xiaofang Liu1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100176, China
    2. Department of General Medical, Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100176, China
    3. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100176, China
  • Received:2022-03-28 Published:2022-12-15
  • Corresponding author: Xiaofang Liu
引用本文:

林亚丽, 朱丹, 李云霞, 刘晓芳. 慢性呼吸衰竭合并肺部念珠菌感染的临床特征及影响因素[J]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2022, 16(06): 385-390.

Yali Lin, Dan Zhu, Yunxia Li, Xiaofang Liu. Clinical characteristics and influencing factors of chronic respiratory failure combined with pulmonary Candida infection[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2022, 16(06): 385-390.

目的

探讨慢性呼吸衰竭合并肺部念珠菌感染的临床特征及影响因素。

方法

对2019年10月至2021年10月首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院收治的慢性呼吸衰竭合并肺部念珠菌感染者80例(观察组)的临床资料(人口学特征、基础疾病、实验室检查指标以及治疗措施)进行回顾性分析,并选取同期未合并肺部念珠菌感染的80例慢性呼吸衰竭患者为对照组。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析影响慢性呼吸衰竭合并肺部念珠菌感染的危险因素。

结果

观察组中以男性居多(53例,66.25%),年龄为31~86岁,平均年龄为(57.86 ± 10.53)岁,其中60岁以上患者56例(70.00%);平均身体质量指数(BMI)为(22.26 ± 3.15)kg/m2;平均病程(9.45 ± 1.28)年;多数患者吸烟(63例,78.75%)和饮酒(57例,71.25%);患者呼吸频率及心率均高出正常范围;51例患者(63.75%)进行过侵入性诊疗操作。最常见基础疾病为肺部疾病[33例(41.25%)],其次为心血管疾病[28例(35.00%)];实验室检查指标中白细胞(WBC)、中性粒细胞(NEUT)、淋巴细胞(LYMP)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)和降钙素原(PCT)水平异常。既往治疗中,55例(68.75%)患者长期应用糖皮质激素,59例(73.75%)患者长期使用抗菌药物,42例(52.50%)患者进行过机械通气治疗。观察组患者年龄> 60岁[56(70.00%)vs. 40(50.00%)]、侵入性诊疗操作[51(63.75%)vs. 32(40.00%)]、肺部疾病[33(41.25%)vs. 18(22.50%)]、心血管疾病[28(35.00%)vs. 16(20.00%)]、长期使用糖皮质激素[55(68.75%)vs. 42(52.50%)]、长期使用抗菌药物[59(73.75%)vs. 43(53.75%)]、机械通气[42(52.50%)vs. 26(32.50%)]比例均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均< 0.05)。观察组患者LYMP [(0.53 ± 0.02)× 109/L vs.(0.92 ± 0.04)× 109/L]、CRP[(91.25 ± 10.23)mg/L vs.(72.58 ± 8.64)mg/L]、PCT[0.82(0.23,4.63)μg/L vs. 0.39(0.11,0.92)μg/L]含量高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t = 78.000、P = 0.001,t = 12.471、P = 0.001,Z = 2.558、P = 0.011)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,侵入性诊疗操作(OR = 3.115、95%CI:1.243~5.423、P = 0.012)、合并肺部疾病(OR = 3.144、95%CI:1.499~5.847、P < 0.001)、PCT(OR = 3.134、95%CI:1.259~4.186、P = 0.018)、长期使用糖皮质激素(OR = 3.17、95%CI:1.628~5.186、P < 0.001)、长期使用抗菌药物(OR = 2.169、95%CI:1.114~3.798、P = 0.021)和机械通气(OR = 3.104、95%CI:2.001~5.364、P < 0.001)均为影响慢性呼吸衰竭合并肺部念珠菌感染的独立危险因素。

结论

慢性呼吸衰竭合并肺部念珠菌感染多发于老年男性,肺部疾病和心血管疾病为其常见的基础疾病,侵入性诊疗操作如机械通气为该病发生的重要医源性因素,长期使用糖皮质激素和抗菌药物均为影响该病的危险因素,此类患者应予以高度重视。

Objective

To investigate the clinical features and influencing factors of chronic respiratory failure combined with pulmonary Candida infection.

Methods

The clinical data, including demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, laboratory indicators, and treatment measures of 80 patients with chronic respiratory failure combined with pulmonary Candida infection admitted to Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, from October 2019 to October 2021 (observation group) were analyzed, retrospectively, and 80 patients with chronic respiratory failure without pulmonary Candida infection during the same period were selected as control group. The risk factors influencing chronic respiratory failure combined with pulmonary Candida infection were analyzed by Univariate and multifactorial Logistic regression.

Results

Among patients in observation group, the majority were male (53 cases, 66.25%), aged from 31 to 86 years old, with a mean age of (57.86 ± 10.53) years old, with the majority of patients over 60 years old (56 cases, 70.00%); the mean body mass index (BMI) was (22.26 ± 3.15) kg/m2; the mean average body mass index (BMI) was (22.26 ± 3.15) kg/m2; the average duration of disease was (9.45 ± 1.28) years; most patients smoked (63 patients, 78.75%) and drank alcohol (57 patients, 71.25%); all patients’ respiratory rates and heart rates were above the normal range; 51 (63.75%) patients had undergone invasive diagnostic and treatment operations. The most common underlying disease was pulmonary diseases [33 cases (41.25%)], followed by cardiovascular diseases [28 cases (35.00%)]; laboratory indicators included abnormal levels of white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (NEUT), lymphocytes (LYMP), C-reactive protein (CRP) and calcitoninogen (PCT), which were higher than normal range. Among the previous treatments, 55 (68.75%) patients had long-term application of glucocorticoids, 59 (73.75%) patients had long-term use of antibacterial drugs, and 42 (52.50%) patients had undergone mechanical ventilation. Patients in the observation group over 60 years old [56 (70.00%) vs. 40 (50.00%)], invasive diagnostic and treatment operations [51 (63.75%) vs. 32 (40.00%)], pulmonary disease [33 (41.25%) vs. 18 (22.50%)], cardiovascular diseases [28 (35.00%) vs. 16 (20.00%)] and long-term use of glucocorticoids [55 (68.75%) vs. 42 (52.50%)], long-term use of antibacterial drugs [59 (73.75%) vs. 43 (53.75%)], and mechanical ventilation [42 (52.50%) vs. 26 (32.50%)] were significantly higher than the control group, with significant differences (all P < 0.05). LYMP [(0.53 ± 0.02) × 109/L vs. (0.92 ± 0.04) × 109/L], CRP [(91.25 ± 10.23) mg/L vs. (72.58 ± 8.64) mg/L] and PCT [0.82 (0.23, 4.63) μg/L vs. 0.39 (0.11, 0.92) μg/L] levels were significantly higher than those of control group, with significant differences (t = 78.000, P = 0.001; t = 12.471, P = 0.001; Z = 2.558, P = 0.011). Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that invasive diagnostic and treatment operations (OR = 3.115, 95%CI: 1.243-5.423, P = 0.012), combined lung diseases (OR = 3.144, 95%CI: 1.499-5.847, P < 0.001), PCT (OR = 3.134, 95%CI: 1.259-4.186, P = 0.018), long-term use of glucocorticoids (OR = 3.17, 95%CI: 1.628-5.186, P < 0.001), long-term use of antimicrobial drugs (OR = 2.169, 95%CI: 1.114-3.798, P = 0.021) and mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.104, 95%CI: 2.001-5.364, P < 0.001) were all independent risk factors for chronic respiratory failure combined with pulmonary Candida infection.

Conclusions

Chronic respiratory failure combined with pulmonary Candida infection is most common in elderly men, and pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases are the common underlying diseases, invasive diagnostic and treatment operations such as mechanical ventilation are important medical factors for the development of this disease, and long-term use of glucocorticoids and antibacterial drugs are the risk factors.

表1 观察组和对照组患者的临床资料
指标 观察组(80例) 对照组(80例) 统计量 P
人口学特征        
性别[例(%)]     χ2 = 0.671a 0.413
  53(66.25) 48(60.00)    
  27(33.75) 32(40.00)
年龄(± s,岁)     χ2 = 6.667a 0.010
  ≤ 60 24(30.00) 40(50.00)    
  > 60 56(70.00) 40(50.00)
BMI(± s,kg/m2 22.26 ± 3.15 23.03 ± 2.47 t = 1.721b 0.087
病程(± s,年) 9.45 ± 1.28 9.18 ± 1.79 t = 1.097b 0.274
吸烟[例(%)] 63(78.75) 58(72.50) χ2 = 0.848a 0.357
饮酒[例(%)] 57(71.25) 49(61.25) χ2 = 1.789a 0.181
侵入性诊疗操作[例(%)] 51(63.75) 32(40.00) χ2 = 9.038a 0.003
呼吸频率(± s,次/min) 29.36 ± 4.23 28.19 ± 4.36 t = 1.723b 0.087
心率(± s,次/min) 107.45 ± 17.12 106.57 ± 18.24 t = 0.315b 0.753
基础疾病[例(%)]        
  高血压 25(31.25) 19(23.75) χ2 = 1.129a 0.288
  糖尿病 16(20.00) 12(15.00) χ2 = 0.693a 0.405
  肺部疾病 33(41.25) 18(22.50) χ2 = 6.476a 0.011
  心血管疾病 28(35.00) 16(20.00) χ2 = 4.514a 0.034
  肾脏疾病 10(12.50) 6(7.50) χ2 = 1.111a 0.292
  血液系统疾病 13(16.25) 8(10.00) χ2 = 1.370a 0.242
  实体良性肿瘤 8(10.00) 3(3.75) χ2 = 2.441a 0.118
实验室指标        
  WBC(± s,× 109/L) 9.82 ± 1.39 9.48 ± 1.22 t = 1.644b 0.102
  NEUT(± s,× 109/L) 7.96 ± 1.04 7.89 ± 1.12 t = 0.410b 0.683
  LYMP(± s,× 109/L) 0.53 ± 0.02 0.92 ± 0.04 t = 78.000b < 0.001
  Hb(± s,g/L) 115.66 ± 10.26 118.29 ± 12.82 t = 1.433b 0.154
  PLT(± s,× 109/L) 135.12 ± 16.65 139.81 ± 20.14 t = 1.605b 0.110
  白蛋白(± s,× 109/L) 30.60 ± 4.81 29.91 ± 5.32 t = 0.860b 0.391
  D-二聚体[M(P25,P75),mg/L] 1.97(0.84,4.70) 1.96(0.75,3.40) Z = 0.772c 0.440
  CRP(± s,mg/L) 91.25 ± 10.23 72.58 ± 8.64 t = 12.471b < 0.001
  PCT [M(P25,P75),µg/L] 0.82(0.23,4.63) 0.39(0.11,0.92) Z = 2.558c 0.011
  LDH [M(P25,P75),μmol·s-1·L-1] 6.3(4.0,9.0) 6.6(4.4,9.3) Z = 1.294c 0.196
  BNP [M(P25,P75),ng/L] 1030(482,3 882) 995(141,2 775) Z = 2.105c 0.137
既往治疗[例(%)]        
  长期使用糖皮质激素 55(68.75) 42(52.50) χ2 = 4.425a 0.035
  长期使用抗菌药物 59(73.75) 43(53.75) χ2 = 6.924a 0.009
  机械通气 42(52.50) 26(32.50) χ2 = 6.547a 0.011
表2 Logistic回归分析赋值
表3 多因素Logistic回归分析慢性呼吸衰竭合并肺部念珠菌感染的影响因素
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