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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (02) : 122 -127. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2022.02.007

短篇论著

多瓣膜感染性心内膜炎的临床特征
侍效春1, 刘晓清1,()   
  1. 1. 100730 北京,中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院感染内科,疑难重症及罕见病国家重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-17 出版日期:2022-04-15
  • 通信作者: 刘晓清
  • 基金资助:
    艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等传染病科技重大专项课题(No. 2017ZX100201302-003); 中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(No.2016-I2M-1-013)

Clinical characteristics of multivalvular infected endocarditis

Xiaochun Shi1, Xiaoqing Liu1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Difficult Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing 100730, China
  • Received:2021-09-17 Published:2022-04-15
  • Corresponding author: Xiaoqing Liu
引用本文:

侍效春, 刘晓清. 多瓣膜感染性心内膜炎的临床特征[J]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2022, 16(02): 122-127.

Xiaochun Shi, Xiaoqing Liu. Clinical characteristics of multivalvular infected endocarditis[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2022, 16(02): 122-127.

目的

探讨多瓣膜感染性心内膜炎(IE)患者的临床和病原学特征,为其诊治提供依据。

方法

回顾性分析中国医学科学院北京协和医院2011年1月至2018年12月住院治疗的57例多瓣膜IE患者的临床资料,并与单瓣膜IE的临床表现、基础心脏疾病、病原微生物、治疗和转归等进行比较。

结果

入组的57例多瓣膜IE患者占IE总例数的13.4%。其中男性49例、女性8例,平均年龄为(46 ± 15)岁。发病至确诊的中位时间为14周;发热[100%(57/57)]为最常见的临床表现,其次为心脏杂音[91.2%(52/57)];并发症主要为心力衰竭[66.7%(38/57)]和脏器栓塞[33.3%(19/57)]。伴有基础疾病者35例(61.4%),其中先天性心脏病最为常见[65.7%(23/35)]。多瓣膜IE患者多为二尖瓣联合主动脉瓣受累[66.7%(38/57)],发现赘生物者56例(98.2%)。血培养和(或)瓣膜赘生物培养阳性者44例(77.2%)。入组患者所分离病原菌多为草绿色链球菌(27/44、61.4%)。入组57例患者均给予抗感染治疗,52例(91.2%)行联合手术治疗,住院期间死亡患者3例(5.3%)。与单瓣膜IE患者相比,男性(86.0% vs. 64.9%)更为常见(χ2 = 9.946、P = 0.002),发生充血性心力衰竭的比例(66.7% vs. 50.9%)更高(χ2 = 4.870、P = 0.027),出现瓣膜穿孔(35.1% vs. 17.9%:χ2 = 8.924、P = 0.003)和瓣周脓肿(17.5% vs. 7.4%:χ2 = 6.132、P = 0.013)比例更高,差异有统计学意义,而住院病死率(5.3% vs. 4.8%)差异并无统计学意义(χ2 = 0.000、P = 1.000)。

结论

多瓣膜IE为IE中特殊的患者群体,出现瓣膜穿孔、瓣周脓肿和充血性心力衰竭更为常见,通常更需要积极和复杂的手术干预,但并不增加患者的住院病死率,推测与患者及时接受手术治疗有关。

Objective

To investigate the clinical and etiological characteristics of patients with multivalvular infected endocarditis (IE), retrospectively, and to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

The clinical data of 57 patients with multivalve IE hospitalized from January 2011 to December 2018 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were analyzed, retrospectively and compared with patients with single valve IE for the clinical manifestations, underlying cardiac disease, pathogenic microorganisms, treatment and outcome.

Results

Total of 57 patients with multivalve IE were enrolled, representing 13.4% of total IE cases. Among them, 49 patients were male and 8 patients were female, with an average age of (46 ± 15) years old. The median period from onset of disease to diagnosis was 14 weeks; Fever [100% (57/57)] was the most common clinical presentation, followed by cardiac murmur [91.2% (52/57)]; the main complications were heart failure [66.7% (38/57)] and organ embolism [33.3% (19/57)]. There were 35 patients (61.4%) predisposing cardiac diseases with congenital heart diseases as the leading cause [65.7% (23/35)]. Most patients [66.7% (38/57)] with multivalve IE had mitral valve and aortic valve involvement, and 56 redundant patients (98.2%) were found. Total of 44 patients (77.2%) were positive for blood culture and (or) valve vegetation culture. Most of the isolated pathogens of the enrolled patients were Streptococcus viridians [61.4% (27/44)]. All 57 patients were treated with anti-infection therapy, 52 patients (91.2%) underwent combined surgery, and 3 patients (5.3%) died during hospitalization. Compared with single valve IE, patients with multivalvular IE was associated with more males (86.0% vs. 64.9%: χ2 = 9.946, P = 0.002) and more patients with congestive heart failure (66.7% vs. 50.9%: χ2 = 4.870, P = 0.027); with higher proportion of valve perforation (35.1% vs. 17.9%: χ2 = 8.924, P = 0.003) and perivalvular abscess (17.5% vs. 7.4%: χ2 = 6.132, P = 0.013); however, the difference of hospitalization mortality rates between the two groups (5.3% vs. 4.8%) was not significantly different (χ2 = 0.000, P = 1.000).

Conclusions

Multivalvular IE is a special entity of patients with IE. The occurrence of valve perforation, pervalvular abscess and congestive heart failure are more common, which usually requires more aggressive and complex surgical intervention, but does not increase the hospital fatality rate, which is presumed to be related to timely surgical treatment.

表1 57例多瓣膜感染性心内膜炎患者的主要临床表现
表2 44例多瓣膜感染性心内膜炎患者病原菌分布和构成比
表3 多瓣膜IE和单瓣膜IE患者临床特征
参数 多瓣膜IE(57例) 单瓣膜IE(336例) 统计量 P
基本资料和临床表现        
年龄( ± s,岁) 46 ± 15 45 ± 15 t = 0.199 0.843
男性[例(%)] 49(86.0) 218(64.9) χ2 = 9.946a 0.002
确诊时间[M(P25,P75),周] 14(4,24) 10(4,18) Z =-1.521 0.128
体重指数( ± s,kg/m2 22.1 ± 3.5 22.1 ± 3.6 t =-0.115 0.909
充血性心力衰竭[例(%)] 38(66.7) 171(50.9) χ2 = 4.870a 0.027
脏器栓塞[例(%)] 19(33.3) 129(38.4) χ2 = 0.531a 0.466
肾小球肾炎[例(%)] 4(7.0) 16(4.8) χ2 = 0.153b 0.696
感染性休克[例(%)] 3(5.3) 9(2.7) χ2 = 0.400b 0.527
白细胞计数[M(P25,P75),×109/L] 9.37(6.93,12.39) 8.29(6.27,11.45) Z =-1.252 0.211
血红蛋白( ± s,g/L) 101.0 ± 18.2 104.5 ± 19.7 t = 1.193 0.234
超敏C-反应蛋白[M(P25,P75),mg/L] 50.5(24.2,71.6) 35.2(15.4,70.4) Z =-1.557 0.119
基础疾病        
  IE基础心脏病[例(%)] 35(61.4) 187(55.7) χ2 = 0.655a 0.418
  *其他基础疾病[例(%)] 10(17.5) 45(13.4) χ2 = 0.698a 0.404
心脏受累表现        
  瓣膜穿孔[例(%)] 20(35.1) 60(17.9) χ2 = 8.924a 0.003
  脓肿[例(%)] 10(17.5) 25(7.4) χ2 = 6.132a 0.013
  腱索断裂[例(%)] 4(7.0) 33(9.8) χ2 = 0.449a 0.503
病原菌        
  链球菌[例(%)] 31(54.4) 177(52.7) χ2 = 0.057a 0.811
  葡萄球菌[例(%)] 6(10.5) 36(10.7) χ2 = 0.002a 0.966
  肠球菌[例(%)] 4(7.0) 9(2.7) χ2 = 1.672b 0.196
治疗和转归        
  手术[例(%)] 52(91.2) 271(80.7) χ2 = 3.304a 0.082
  住院期间死亡[例(%)] 3(5.3) 16(4.8) χ2 = 0.000b 1.000
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