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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (06) : 394 -401. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2021.06.006

论著

急性生理与慢性健康Ⅱ评分联合血清降钙素原、D-二聚体、乳酸清除率预测重症脓毒症患者预后不良
黄琴1,(), 廖晓斌1, 吴贵全1   
  1. 1. 621100 绵阳市,川北医学院附属医院三台医院呼吸内科
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-27 出版日期:2021-12-15
  • 通信作者: 黄琴

Acute physiological and chronic health Ⅱ score combined with serumprocalcitonin, D-dimerand lactate clearance rate for the prediction of poor prognosis in severe sepsis

Qin Huang1,(), Xiaobin Liao1, Guiquan Wu1   

  1. 1. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Santai Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Mianyang 621100, China
  • Received:2020-12-27 Published:2021-12-15
  • Corresponding author: Qin Huang
引用本文:

黄琴, 廖晓斌, 吴贵全. 急性生理与慢性健康Ⅱ评分联合血清降钙素原、D-二聚体、乳酸清除率预测重症脓毒症患者预后不良[J]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2021, 15(06): 394-401.

Qin Huang, Xiaobin Liao, Guiquan Wu. Acute physiological and chronic health Ⅱ score combined with serumprocalcitonin, D-dimerand lactate clearance rate for the prediction of poor prognosis in severe sepsis[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2021, 15(06): 394-401.

目的

探讨急性生理与慢性健康Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)评分联合血清降钙素原(PCT)、D-二聚体(D-D)、乳酸清除率(LCR)预测重症脓毒症患者预后不良的价值。

方法

回顾性分析2018年5月至2020年3月四川省绵阳市川北医学院附属医院三台医院收治的92例重症脓毒症患者临床资料为观察组,另选取同期于本院体检的80例健康志愿者作为对照组。比较两组研究对象APACHE Ⅱ评分、血清PCT、D-D水平和6 h的LCR水平。观察组患者随访28 d,根据其预后分为预后良好组(患者痊愈或病情好转)与预后不良组(患者病情无好转、加重、甚至死亡),比较此两组患者APACHE Ⅱ评分、血清PCT、D-D和LCR水平。采用Cox回归分析APACHE Ⅱ评分、血清PCT、D-D表达水平、LCR与观察组患者预后不良的关系;采用Pearson相关分析法分析血清PCT、D-D和LCR与APACHE Ⅱ评分的相关性,并应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评价APACHE Ⅱ评分联合血清PCT、D-D、LCR对重症脓毒症患者预后不良的预测价值,应用Medcalc软件行曲线下面积(AUC)的两两比较。

结果

观察组患者APACHEⅡ评分[(18.78 ± 1.03)分vs.(3.38 ± 0.57)分]、血清PCT [(7.01 ± 1.35)μg/L vs. (0.24 ± 0.04)μg/L]、D-D水平[(1.73 ± 0.09)mg/L vs.(0.26 ± 0.05)mg/L]均显著高于对照组(t = 118.814、44.820、129.689,P均< 0.001),而LCR显著低于对照组[(40.62 ± 6.92)% vs. (65.92 ± 7.80)%](t = 22.541、P < 0.001),差异均有统计学意义。观察组患者预后不良发生率为52.17%(48/92);预后不良患者的APACHE Ⅱ评分[24.99(21.26,27.15)分vs. 18.14(15.59,19.26)分]、血清PCT[15.59(8.20,17.99)μg/L vs. 7.84(7.00,9.14)μg/L]、D-D水平[5.38(4.03,5.77)mg/L vs. 1.76(1.66,1.90)mg/L]均高于预后良好患者(U = 11.019、17.751、54.995,P均< 0.001),而LCR显著低于预后良好患者[29.70(26.58,38.49)% vs. 40.70(36.07,45.08)%](U = 9.750、P < 0.001),差异均有统计学意义。APACHE Ⅱ评分与血清PCT(r = 0.804、P < 0.001)和D-D(r = 0.743、P < 0.001)均呈正相关,与LCR呈负相关(r =-0.758、P = 0.007)。尿素氮、血肌酐、APACHE Ⅱ评分、PCT、D-D为重症脓毒症预后不良的独立危险因素(HR = 1.044、1.027、1.256、1.036、1.024、0.609,P = 0.005、0.002、0.026、0.003、0.004),血钙浓度、LCR为重症脓毒症预后不良的独立保护因素(HR = 0.430、0.609,P均< 0.001);APACHE Ⅱ评分、血清PCT、D-D、LCR联合预测重症脓毒症预后不良组的灵敏度、AUC均高于APACHE Ⅱ评分、血清PCT、D-D、LCR单独预测(灵敏度:χ2 = 15.036、17.778、13.714、16.390,P均< 0.001;AUC:Z = 2.909、4.640、4.242、3.983,P均< 0.001),但联合检测的特异度与以上指标单独预测差异均无统计学意义(χ2 = 1.908、0.155、0.000、0.715,P = 0.167、0.694、1.000、0.938)。

结论

重症脓毒症患者APACHE Ⅱ评分、血清PCT、D-D均偏高,LCR偏低,且与预后不良相关,上述指标联合可预测重症脓毒症患者预后不良。

Objective

To investigate the predictive value of acute physiological and chronic health Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score combined with serum procalcitonin (PCT), D-dimer (D-D) and lactate clearance rate (LCR) for poor prognosis in patients with severe sepsis.

Methods

The clinical data of 92 patients with severe sepsis treated in Santai Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province from May 2018 to March 2020 were analyzed, retrospectively, and were recorded as observation group, while 80 healthy volunteers in hospital were selected as control group. APACHE Ⅱ score, levels of serum PCT, D-D and 6 h LCR were compared between the two groups. Patients in observation group were followed up for 28 days, and were divided into good prognosis group (recovered or improved) and poor prognosis group (without improvement, aggravation or even death) according to the prognosis; APACHE Ⅱ score, levels of serum PCT, D-D and LCR were compared between the two groups. The correlation between APACHE Ⅱ score, levels of serum PCT, D-D, LCR and poor prognosis were analyzed by Cox regression analysis. The correlation between serum PCT, D-D and LCR and APACHE Ⅱ score were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis method. The predictive value of APACHE Ⅱ score combined with serum PCT, D-D and LCR for poor prognosis in patients with severe sepsis were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and area under curve (AUC) were compared by Medcalc software.

Results

APACHE Ⅱ score [(18.78 ± 1.03) vs. (3.38 ± 0.57)], levels of serum PCT [(7.01 ± 1.35) μg/L vs. (0.24 ± 0.04) μg/L)], D-D [(1.73 ± 0.09) mg/L vs. (0.26 ± 0.05) mg/L)] of patients in observation group were significantly higher than those of control group (t = 118.814, 44.820, 129.689; all P < 0.001) , while serum LCR level of observation group was significantly lower than that of control group [(40.62 ± 6.92)% vs. (65.92 ± 7.80)%] (t = 22.541, P < 0.001), with significant difference. The incidence rate of poor prognosis was 52.17% (48/92). APACHE Ⅱ score [24.99 (21.26, 27.15) vs. 18.14 (15.59, 19.26)], levels of serum PCT [15.59 (8.20, 17.99) μg/L vs. 7.84 (7.00, 9.14) μg/L], D-D [5.38 (4.03, 5.77) mg/L vs. 1.76 (1.66, 1.90) mg/L] of patients with poor prognosis were significantly higher than those with good prognosis (U = 11.019, 17.751, 54.995; all P < 0.001), while LCR level was lower than that of patients with good prognosis [29.70 (26.58, 38.49)% vs. 40.70 (36.07, 45.08)%] (U = 9.750, P < 0.001), with significant difference. APACHE Ⅱ score was positively correlated with serum PCT (r = 0.804, P < 0.001) and D-D (r = 0.743, P < 0.001), while negatively correlated with serum LCR (r =-0.758, P = 0.007). Urea nitrogen, creatinine, APACHE Ⅱ score, PCT, D-D were all independent risk factors for poor prognosis of severe sepsis (HR = 1.044, 1.027, 1.256, 1.036, 1.024, 0.60; P = 0.005, 0.002, 0.026, 0.003, 0.004). Serum calcium concentration and LCR were independent protective factors for poor prognosis of severe sepsis (HR = 0.430, 0.609; P < 0.001). The sensitivity and area under curve (AUC) of APACHE Ⅱscore combined with serum PCT, D-D and LCR in predicting the poor prognosis of severe sepsis were significantly higher than those of single index (sensitivity: χ2 = 15.036, 17.778, 13.714, 16.390, all P < 0.001; AUC: Z = 2.909, 4.640, 4.242, 3.983; all P < 0.001), but the specificity were without significant differences between four indexes combined and single index (χ2 = 1.908, 0.155, 0.000, 0.715; P = 0.167, 0.694, 1.000, 0.938).

Conclusions

APACHE Ⅱ score, levels of serum PCT, D-D are higher, and the level of serum LCR is lower in patients with severe sepsis, which are related to poor prognosis, and combination of those indexes could predict the poor prognosis of patients with severe sepsis.

表1 观察组预后不良的自变量赋值
表2 观察组与对照组的一般资料
表3 观察组患者和对照组APACHE Ⅱ评分、血清PCT、D-D和LCR( ± s
表4 预后良好与预后不良患者APACHEⅡ评分、血清PCT、D-D和LCR [M(P25,P75)]
图1 APACHEⅡ评分与血清PCT、D-D、LCR相关分析图 注:A:APACHE Ⅱ评分与血清PCT相关性;B:APACHE Ⅱ评分与血清D-D相关性;C:APACHE Ⅱ评分与LCR相关性
表5 观察组患者预后的影响因素
影响因素 预后不良(48例) 预后良好(44例) 统计量 P
年龄( ± s,岁) 57.86 ± 5.26 55.64 ± 4.31 t = 2.202 0.030
性别[例(%)]     χ2 = 0.174a 0.676
  25(52.08) 21(47.73)    
  23(47.92) 23(52.27)
感染部位[例(%)]     χ2 = 0.036b 0.986
  肺部 25(52.08) 23(52.27)    
  腹腔 21(43.75) 19(43.18)
  其他部位 2(4.17) 2(4.55)
BMI( ± s,kg/m2 22.14 ± 3.98 21.18 ± 3.81 t = 1.179 0.241
白细胞计数( ± s,× 109/L) 13.42 ± 2.41 12.84 ± 2.23 t = 1.195 0.235
血小板计数( ± s,× 109/L) 146.52 ± 26.37 271.48 ± 48.86 t = 15.440 < 0.001
白蛋白( ± s,g/L) 30.12 ± 4.93 31.87 ± 3.82 t = 2.406 < 0.001
前白蛋白( ± s,mg/L) 150.73 ± 26.54 176.84 ± 33.68 t = 4.147 < 0.001
凝血酶原时间( ± s,s) 16.28 ± 2.92 12.47 ± 2.24 t = 6.975 < 0.001
乳酸脱氢酶( ± s,U/L) 235.49 ± 42.36 242.97 ± 43.73 t = 0.833 0.407
尿素氮( ± s,mmol/L) 10.76 ± 1.93 6.68 ± 1.20 t = 12.047 < 0.001
血肌酐( ± s,μmol/L) 154.64 ± 27.83 84.36 ± 15.18 t = 14.845 < 0.001
总胆红素( ± s,μmol/L) 37.26 ± 6.70 36.08 ± 6.13 t = 0.879 0.382
血钙浓度( ± s,mol/L) 1.92 ± 0.34 2.35 ± 0.42 t = 5.637 < 0.001
血清铁( ± s,μmol/L) 7.92 ± 1.42 8.29 ± 1.52 t = 1.207 0.231
CRP( ± s,mg/L) 51.79 ± 9.32 37.89 ± 6.81 t = 8.105 < 0.001
APACHE Ⅱ评分[M(P25,P75),分] 24.99(21.26,27.15) 18.14(15.59,19.26) U = 11.019c < 0.001
PCT [M(P25,P75),μg/L] 15.59(8.20,17.99) 7.84(7.00,9.14) U = 17.751c < 0.001
D-D [M(P25,P75),mg/L] 5.83(4.03,5.77) 1.76(1.66,1.90) U = 54.995c < 0.001
LCR [M(P25,P75),%] 29.70(26.58,38.49) 40.70(36.07,45.08) U = 9.750c < 0.001
表6 观察组预后不良的多因素Cox回归分析
图2 APACHE Ⅱ评分、血清PCT、D-D和LCR对重症脓毒症预后不良预测的ROC曲线图
表7 APACHE Ⅱ评分、血清PCT、D-D、LCR对重症脓毒症预后不良的预测
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