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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (03) : 189 -195. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2021.03.008

论著

影响百日咳患儿痉咳期持续时间的相关因素
张慧敏1, 王彩英1, 郝一炜2, 杨洪玲1, 张艳兰1, 庞琳1,()   
  1. 1. 100015 北京,首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院儿科;100015 北京,首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院新发突发传染病研究北京市重点实验室
    2. 100015 北京,首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院病案室
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-20 出版日期:2021-06-15
  • 通信作者: 庞琳
  • 基金资助:
    首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院院内科研基金"育苗计划"项目(No. DTYM201817); 首都临床特色应用研究与成果推广项目(No. Z161100000616030)

Related factors influencing the length of paroxysmal phase of children with pertussis

Huimin Zhang1, Caiying Wang1, Yiwei Hao2, Honglin Yang1, Yanlan Zhang1, Lin Pang1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
    2. Medical Records Room, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
  • Received:2020-06-20 Published:2021-06-15
  • Corresponding author: Lin Pang
引用本文:

张慧敏, 王彩英, 郝一炜, 杨洪玲, 张艳兰, 庞琳. 影响百日咳患儿痉咳期持续时间的相关因素[J]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2021, 15(03): 189-195.

Huimin Zhang, Caiying Wang, Yiwei Hao, Honglin Yang, Yanlan Zhang, Lin Pang. Related factors influencing the length of paroxysmal phase of children with pertussis[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2021, 15(03): 189-195.

目的

分析百日咳患儿痉咳期持续时间的影响因素,寻找干预手段,为其临床诊治提供指导意见。

方法

回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院2018年8月至2019年12月收治的167例百日咳患儿的病例资料,对可能影响痉咳期的相关因素进行单因素和多元线性回归分析。

结果

167例百日咳患儿中男88例(52.7%)、女79例(47.3%);≤ 6月龄患儿121例(72.5%)。单因素分析显示,剖宫产(Z =-2.484、P = 0.013)、双胎或多胎(Z =-2.637、P = 0.008)、胎龄< 39周(Z = -2.698、P = 0.007)、入院前病程≥ 2周(Z =-3.348、P = 0.001)、住院期间应用持续气道正压通气(CPAP)或机械通气(Z =-2.619、P = 0.009),合并其他呼吸道病原感染(Z =-3.358、P = 0.001)以及重症肺炎(Z =-2.236、P = 0.025)、电解质紊乱(Z =-2.011、P = 0.044)、百日咳脑病(Z = -2.154、P = 0.031)均为百日咳患儿痉咳期持续时间的影响因素。多元线性回归分析结果表明,剖宫产(R = 2.682、P = 0.016)、住院前病程≥ 2周(R = 5.325、P < 0.001)、合并其他呼吸道病原感染(R = 4.250、P < 0.001)、应用CPAP或机械通气(R = 11.269、P = 0.002)、电解质紊乱(R = 7.142、P = 0.036)、痰百日咳鲍特杆菌PCR阳性(R = 3.648、P = 0.004)均为百日咳患儿痉咳期持续的危险因素。

结论

剖宫产、住院前病程长(≥ 2周)、合并其他呼吸道病原感染、应用CPAP或机械通气、电解质紊乱、痰百日咳鲍特杆菌PCR阳性均可导致百日咳患儿痉咳期延长。

Objective

To investigate the related factors which affect the length of paroxysmal phase of children with pertussis, and to seek interventions, and provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

Clinical data of 167 children with pertussis hospitalized in Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University from August 2018 to December 2019 were collected, the relevant factors which might affect the length of paroxysmal phase were analyzed by single factor and multiple linear regression analysis.

Results

Among the 167 children, there were 88 boys (52.7%) and 79 girls (47.3%), with 121 children ≤ 6 months (72.5%). Single factor analysis showed that caesarean section (Z =-2.484, P = 0.013), twin/multiple births (Z =-2.637, P = 0.008), gestational age < 39 weeks (Z =-2.698, P = 0.007), course of disease before admission ≥ 2 weeks (Z =-3.348, P = 0.001), application of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or mechanical ventilation during hospitalization (Z = -2.619, P = 0.009), combined with other respiratory pathogen infection (Z =-3.358, P = 0.001), severe pneumonia (Z =-2.236, P = 0.025), electrolyte disturbance (Z =-2.011, P = 0.044) and pertussis encephalopathy (Z =-2.154, P = 0.031) were all the factors which affected the length of paroxysmal phase of children with pertussis. Multiple linear regression analysis showed caesarean section (R = 2.682, P = 0.016), course of disease before admission ≥ 2 weeks (R = 5.325, P < 0.001), combined with other respiratory pathogen infection (R = 4.250, P < 0.001), application of CPAP or mechanical ventilation during hospitalization (R = 11.269, P = 0.002), electrolyte disorders (R = 7.142, P = 0.036), and positive sputum PCR test of Bordetella pertussis on admission (R = 3.648, P = 0.004) were all risk factors for the length of paroxysmal phase.

Conclusions

The paroxysmal phase of children with pertussis may be extended by the following factors: caesarean section, long course of disease before admission (≥ 2 weeks), combined with other respiratory pathogen infections, application of CPAP or mechanical ventilation, electrolyte disorders and positive sputum PCR test Bordetella pertussis on admission.

表1 百日咳患儿痉咳期影响因素的单因素分析
临床特征 例数 痉咳期[M(P25,P75),d] 统计量 P
分娩方式     Z =-2.484 0.013
  剖宫产 86 22(18,28.25)    
  自娩 81 19(15,25)    
胎数     Z =-2.637 0.008
  双胎/多胎 14 28(23,29)    
  单胎 153 20(16,25.5)    
胎龄(周)     Z =-2.698 0.007
  < 39 73 23(17,29)    
  ≥ 39 94 19(16,25)    
入院前病程     Z =-3.348 0.001
  ≥ 2周 127 22(18,28)    
  < 2周 40 16.5(14,21.75)    
其他呼吸道病原感染     Z =-3.358 0.001
  53 24(19,30)    
  114 19(16,25)    
应用CPAP或机械通气     Z=-2.619 0.009
  3 44(29,50)    
  164 20(16,27)    
重症肺炎     Z =-2.236 0.025
  11 27(20,39)    
  156 20(16,26.75)    
电解质紊乱     Z =-2.011 0.044
  6 33.5(18.5,45.5)    
  161 20(16,27)    
百日咳脑病     Z =-2.154 0.031
  3 29(28,38)    
  164 20(16,27)    
入院时痰百日咳杆菌DNA     Z =-1.895 0.058
  阳性 119 21(17,28)    
  阴性 48 19(15,25)    
性别     Z =-0.522 0.602
  88 20.5(17,27)    
  79 20(16,27)    
月龄(月)     Z =-0.870 0.384
  ≤ 6 121 20(17,27)    
  > 6 46 19.5(15,27)    
体重     χ2 = 2.952 0.228
  正常出生体重 138 20(16,26.25)    
  低出生体重 21 24(18,29)    
  巨大儿 8 20(19,26.5)    
喂养方式     χ2 = 0.655 0.721
  母乳喂养 91 20(16,25)    
  人工喂养 22 23.5(16,29)    
  混合喂养 54 20(16,28.25)    
母亲为高龄产妇     Z =-1.615 0.106
  9 25(22,29)    
  158 20(16,27)    
百日咳疫苗接种     Z =-1.427 0.154
  完全接种 28 18.5(14.25,26.5)    
  部分或未接种 139 20(17,27)    
入院前应用大环内酯类抗菌药物     Z =-1.227 0.220
  125 20(17,27.5)    
  42 19.5(15.75,25.25)    
合并基础疾病     Z =-0.918 0.358
  13 20(19,33.5)    
  154 20(16,27)    
消化道症状     Z =-0.128 0.898
  26 22(16,27.5)    
  141 20(16.5,27)    
肝功能异常     Z =-1.283 0.199
  37 19(16,24.5)    
  130 20.5(17,27.25)    
心肌损害     Z =-0.557 0.578
  108 20(17,27)    
  59 19(16,26)    
贫血     Z =-0.280 0.779
  15 21(15,25)    
  152 20(16,27)    
巨细胞病毒感染     Z =-1.591 0.112
  21 23(19,29)    
  146 20(16,26)    
白细胞计数     Z =-0.147 0.883
  ≥ 20 × 109/L 52 20(16.25,26.75)    
  < 20 × 109/L 115 20(16,27)    
淋巴细胞比例     Z=-0.782 0.434
  ≥ 70% 89 20(17,27)    
  < 70% 78 20(16,25.5)    
血小板计数     Z =-1.699 0.089
  > 300 × 109/L 151 20(16,27)    
  ≤ 300 × 109/L 16 25(19.25,28)    
IgG水平     χ2 = 0.740 0.691
  升高 36 19(15.25,27)    
  正常 66 21(16,28)    
  降低 65 20(17,25.5)    
IgM水平     χ2 = 0.738 0.692
  升高 83 22(17,27)    
  正常 60 19(16,27)    
  降低 24 19.5(16,27.5)    
IgA水平     χ2 = 2.553 0.279
  升高 4 32(13,37.5)    
  正常 123 20(16,27)    
  降低 40 19.5(16,24.75)    
CD8+T细胞     χ2 = 2.656 0.265
  升高 73 20(17,27)    
  正常 87 21(16,28)    
  降低 7 16(12,23)    
CD4+T细胞     χ2 = 3.191 0.203
  升高 82 20(16.75,27)    
  正常 75 20(16,25)    
  降低 10 24.5(19,33)    
CD4+/CD8+T     χ2 = 1.034 0.596
  升高 27 19(16,25)    
  正常 127 20(16,27)    
  降低 13 21(18,27.5)    
表2 百日咳患儿痉咳期影响因素的多元线性回归分析
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