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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2016, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (01) : 41 -45. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2016.01.009

临床论著

神经型布鲁菌病的临床特点及诊治分析
钱芳1, 高学松1, 郭嘉祯1, 张亦瑾1, 段雪飞1,()   
  1. 1. 100015 北京,首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院综合科
  • 收稿日期:2015-03-14 出版日期:2016-02-15
  • 通信作者: 段雪飞
  • 基金资助:
    新发突发传染病研究北京市重点实验室资助(No. 2014XFTF03)

The clinical features, diagnostic criteria and treatment analysis of neurobrucellosis

Fang Qian1, Xuesong Gao1, Jiazhen Guo1, yijin Zhang1, Xuefei Duan1,()   

  1. 1. General Medicine Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
  • Received:2015-03-14 Published:2016-02-15
  • Corresponding author: Xuefei Duan
引用本文:

钱芳, 高学松, 郭嘉祯, 张亦瑾, 段雪飞. 神经型布鲁菌病的临床特点及诊治分析[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2016, 10(01): 41-45.

Fang Qian, Xuesong Gao, Jiazhen Guo, yijin Zhang, Xuefei Duan. The clinical features, diagnostic criteria and treatment analysis of neurobrucellosis[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2016, 10(01): 41-45.

目的

探讨神经型布鲁菌病的临床特点、诊断标准及抗菌药物联合治疗方案。

方法

回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院2008年9月至2014年7月收治的10例神经型布鲁菌病患者的临床资料。

结果

神经型布鲁菌病以青壮年男性为主,均有明确的流行病学史,临床多表现为脑膜炎和脑膜脑炎等。所有患者血清布鲁杆菌凝集试验阳性,6例患者行脑脊液布鲁杆菌凝集试验,其中4例阳性。所有患者均行腰椎穿刺检查,7例患者脑脊液压力升高,9例白细胞数升高(以单核细胞升高为主),9例患者蛋白升高,5例糖减低。全部病例给予多西环素和利福平基础上联合三代头孢、氨基糖苷类、复方新诺明、喹诺酮类中的一种或两种组成三联或四联初始抗病原治疗,序贯长疗程口服抗菌药物,平均疗程> 6个月。

结论

神经型布鲁氏菌病的临床表现复杂多样,大部分患者预后良好,少数患者可留有后遗症。治疗上不同药理学机制的抗菌药物联合、足量、长疗程治疗有效。

Objective

To describe the clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria and evaluated antibiotic combinations of patients with neurobrucellosis.

Methods

The clinical data of 10 patients with neurobrucellosis treated in Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University from September 2008 to July 2014 were analyzed, retrospectively.

Results

The majority of the patients with neurobrucellosis were young male. All patients had certain contact history of the source of infection of brucellosis. Meningitis and meningoencephalitis were the main clinical manifestations. Brucella blood serum agglutination test were positive in 10 cases. There were 6 patients underwent Brucella cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) agglutination test, 4 cases were positive. All cases underwent lumbar puncture. Increased CSF pressure were detected in 7 cases. Analysis of CSF revealed increased cell number (mainly for the monocyte) in 9 cases, protein increased in 9 cases and decreased glucose in 5 cases. All patients were given initial therapy and sequential therapy. The initial treatment regimen was composed of triple or quadruple drugs, based on doxycycline and rifampin, combined with one or two components of the three generation cephalosporin, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and quinolones. Sequential treatment were with long course of doxycycline and rifampin. The average duration were longer than six months.

Conclusions

The clinical presentation of neurobrucellsis varies greatly. The majority of the patients had favorable prognosis, while fewer patients might have sequel. The combined treatment by antibiotics of different pharmacological mechanisms with full dose and long course is effective.

表1 10例患者入院时临床资料
患者 发病至出现神经系统症状时间 本院就诊时病程 临床表现 影像学检查 临床诊断
1 2个月 2个月 发热、出汗、头痛、双下肢疼痛;颈抵抗(+) 脑膜炎
2 起病当时 1个月 发热、关节痛、头痛、恶心、呕吐;颈抵抗(-) 脑膜炎
3 6个月 6个月 发热、出汗、头痛、恶心、呕吐、尿崩症;颈抵抗(-) 头部MRI:脑实质未见明显异常;垂体:鞍区2.0 cm × 1.8 cm × 1.8 cm,考虑为脓肿,视交叉受压上移 脑膜炎,鞍上脓肿
4 9个月 12个月 发热、乏力、恶心、排尿困难、下肢无力;颈抵抗(-) 头部MRI:未见异常;腰椎MRI:L5/S1椎间盘部分变性,余未见异常 脑脊髓膜炎
5 起病当时 2个月 发热、头痛、恶心、呕吐、意识不清、躁动、谵语、幻视;颈抵抗(+) 头部MRI:额叶皮层下陈旧性梗塞灶,脑电图:中度异常(发作慢波) 脑膜脑炎
6 起病当时 9个月 发热、关节痛、头痛、头晕、恶心、呕吐、复视、左眼斜视、听力下降、症状性癫痫抽搐、意识丧失;颈抵抗(+) 头部MRI:颅内多发病变,为脑炎,脓肿灶形成。颅底脑室闭塞,脑膜强化,考虑为脑膜炎,脑积水 脑膜脑炎,脑脓肿
7 18个月 19个月 发热、关节痛、睾丸肿痛、乏力、手抖、头晕、头痛、反应迟钝;颈抵抗(+) 脑膜炎
8 1周 2周 发热、腰痛、头痛、乏力;颈抵抗(-) 头部MRI:右侧侧脑室后角感染性病变 脑膜脑炎,脑脓肿
9 18个月 24个月 发热、关节疼痛、双下肢乏力、左上肢活动欠稳准、排尿困难;颈抵抗(-) 头部MRI:脑积水颈椎、腰椎MRI:蛛网膜下腔积水脑电图:正常 脑脊髓膜炎,脊髓炎
10 3周 1个月 发热、腹痛、恶心、呕吐、多汗、头痛、眼眶痛;颈抵抗(+) 脑膜炎
表2 10例患者入院时脑脊液检查及血清学病原特异性检查
表3 10例患者的治疗方案及疗程
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