应用转录组测序技术（RNA-seq）分析重症手足口病（SHFMD）患者外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）转录组情况，筛选SHFMD相关基因，探讨其发生的可能免疫机制。

收集2014年5月至8月深圳市第三人民医院收治的重症和轻症手足口病（MHFMD）患儿各5例，以及5例健康体检儿童的外周血，均分离PBMC，采用转录组测序技术筛选显著的差异表达基因（DEGs），并通过实时荧光定量PCR对DEGs进行验证。

SHFMD组相对健康对照组共117个DEGs，其中108个基因上调，9个基因下调；SHFMD组相对MHFMD组共26个DEGs，其中14个基因上调，12个基因下调；两组DEGs中共有8个相同基因，其中TNFRSF13C、IL-7R、THBS1和VEGFA下调，S100A8、S100A12、IL-8和IL-1β上调（P均< 0.05）。

S100A8、S100A12、IL-8、IL-1β、TNFRSF13C、IL-7R、THBS1和VEGFA是SHFMD相关的差异表达基因，可能在SHFMD的发生中起重要作用，有望成为手足口病重症化的预测基因。

To screen severe hand, foot and mouth disease (SHFMD) related genes, and to explore the possible immune mechanisms by high-throughput transcriptome sequencing technology (RNA-seq).

Total of 15 PBMC samples were collected from 5 patients with SHFMD, 5 patients with mild hand, foot and mouth disease (MHFMD) and 5 cases of healthy control (HC), during May 2014 and August 2014, in the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen. The RNA of the PBMCs were sequenced by the RNA-seq technology, on the basis of RPKM (reads per kilobase of exon model per million mapped reads) multiples and expression level fold-change, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Furthermore, the expression levels of the DEGs by quantitative real-time PCR were confirmed.

Total of 117 DEGs between SHFMD and MHFMD were found, including 108 up-regulated genes and 9 down-regulated genes; and 26 DEGs between SHFMD and HC, including 14 up-regulated genes and 12 down-regulated genes. The two groups of DEGs had 8 genes in common, among which S100A8, S100A12, IL-8, IL-1β were up-regulated, while TNFRSF13C, IL-7R, THBS1,VEGFA were down-regulated (P all < 0.05).

S100A8, S100A12, IL-8, IL-1β, TNFRSF13C, IL-7R, THBS1 and VEGFA are SHFMD specific DEGs, which may play an important role in the development of SHFMD and potentially serve as gene markers to predict the occurrence of SHFMD.