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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (04) : 204 -213. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2026.04.002

专家共识

肝移植受者继发细菌感染诊治专家共识(2026版)
国家传染病医学中心, 北京医师协会器官移植专科医师分会   
  • 收稿日期:2026-06-07 出版日期:2026-08-15
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2023YFC2308805)

Expert consensus on diagnosis and management of secondary bacterial infections in liver transplant recipients

National Center for Infectious Diseases, Organ Transplant Specialist Physician Branch of the Beijing Medical Doctor Association   

  • Received:2026-06-07 Published:2026-08-15
引用本文:

国家传染病医学中心, 北京医师协会器官移植专科医师分会. 肝移植受者继发细菌感染诊治专家共识(2026版)[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(04): 204-213.

National Center for Infectious Diseases, Organ Transplant Specialist Physician Branch of the Beijing Medical Doctor Association. Expert consensus on diagnosis and management of secondary bacterial infections in liver transplant recipients[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(04): 204-213.

肝移植是终末期肝病最有效的根治性手段,近年来随着外科技术、免疫抑制治疗方案及围手术期管理的进步,患者生存率显著提高。然而,术后感染仍是影响移植体功能及受者长期生存的主要并发症,其中以细菌感染最为常见。流行病学研究显示约55%肝移植受者术后1年内发生感染,且感染者1年生存率显著降低。因此,加强受者肝移植术后细菌感染的预防、早期诊断与规范治疗至关重要。本共识的制订基于国内外最新循证医学证据及临床实践,旨在为肝移植受者术后细菌感染的全程化、精细化综合管理提供指导。

Liver transplantation is the most effective curative treatment for end-stage liver disease. In recent years, with the advancements in surgical techniques, immunosuppressive regimens and perioperative management, patient survival rates have significantly improved. However, postoperative infection remains a major complication affecting graft function and long-term survival of recipient. Bacterial infections are the most common among them. Epidemiological studies showed that approximately 55% of liver transplant recipients develop infections within one year post-operation, and the one-year survival rate of infected recipients is significantly reduced. Therefore, it is crucial to strengthen the prevention, early diagnosis, and standardized treatment of bacterial infections after liver transplantation. Based on the latest domestic and international evidence-based medical evidence and clinical practice, this consensus aims to provide the guidance for the comprehensive, whole-course and refined management of bacterial infections following liver transplantation.

表1 共识推荐意见推荐等级与证据质量(GRADE分级)
表2 肝移植术后细菌感染病原学诊断检测方法与临床应用
表3 肝移植受者术后实验室监测项目及临床意义
表4 肝移植受者术后影像学监测项目及评估
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