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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (06) : 345 -352. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2025.06.004

论著

结核分枝杆菌/利福平耐药实时荧光定量核酸扩增与靶向宏基因组测序诊断结核分枝杆菌感染的一致性及影响因素
权惠, 胡梦超, 卢晓辉, 翟荣荣()   
  1. 237005 六安市,安徽医科大学附属六安医院(六安市人民医院)
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-28 出版日期:2025-12-15
  • 通信作者: 翟荣荣
  • 基金资助:
    六安市科技计划项目(2023lakj005)

Consistency and influencing factors of gene Xpert Mycobacterium Tuberculosis/Rifampicin resistance assay and targeted metagenomic sequencing in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

Hui Quan, Mengchao Hu, Xiaohui Lu, Rongrong Zhai()   

  1. Department of Medical Laboratory, Lu’an People’s Hospital, Lu’an 237005, China
  • Received:2025-04-28 Published:2025-12-15
  • Corresponding author: Rongrong Zhai
引用本文:

权惠, 胡梦超, 卢晓辉, 翟荣荣. 结核分枝杆菌/利福平耐药实时荧光定量核酸扩增与靶向宏基因组测序诊断结核分枝杆菌感染的一致性及影响因素[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(06): 345-352.

Hui Quan, Mengchao Hu, Xiaohui Lu, Rongrong Zhai. Consistency and influencing factors of gene Xpert Mycobacterium Tuberculosis/Rifampicin resistance assay and targeted metagenomic sequencing in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(06): 345-352.

目的

分析结核分枝杆菌(MTB)/利福平耐药实时荧光定量核酸扩增(Xpert MTB/RIF)与靶向宏基因组测序(tNGS)在检测MTB中的一致性,并分析一致性差异的影响因素。

方法

回顾性分析2023年10月至2025年5月六安市人民医院收治的95例疑似结核病患者的临床资料。对Xpert MTB/RIF和tNGS所检出MTB进行一致性分析,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线比较两种检测方法辅助诊断结核病的效能。采用Logistic回归分析Xpert MTB/RIF和tNGS检测结果一致性的影响因素。采用聚类分析根据不同尿酸(UA)水平将入组患者分为高风险组(35例)和低风险组(60例),比较两组患者Xpert MTB/RIF和tNGS检测MTB一致性影响因素分布特征的差异。

结果

根据最终临床诊断标准,入组结核病患者55例,非结核病患者40例。ROC曲线分析显示,Xpert MTB/RIF和tNGS辅助诊断结核病的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)值分别为0.931(0.834~0.983)和0.941(0.884~0.975)。Xpert MTB/RIF检测的敏感度和特异度分别为90.91%和90.00%,tNGS检测的敏感度和特异度分别为90.91%和92.50%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥54岁(OR=1.154、95%CI:1.059~1.226、P=0.019)、疾病类型为非结核病(OR=6.836、95%CI:1.813~25.776、P=0.005)、标本类型为痰液(OR=7.215、95%CI:5.264~8.965、P=0.005)和UA≥435.52 µmol/L(OR=5.643、95%CI:2.565~8.643、P=0.005)均为影响Xpert MTB/RIF与tNGS诊断一致性的独立危险因素。两种检测方法对结核病诊断一致性高于非结核病患者,肺泡灌洗液标本诊断一致性高于痰液标本。高风险组中“危险因素较少型分布”的占比显著低于低风险组,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=10.887、P=0.023)。

结论

Xpert MTB/RIF与tNGS在MTB检测中具有较好一致性,受患者年龄、疾病类型、标本类型和尿酸水平影响。

Objective

To analyze the consistency of gene Xpert Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB)/Rifampicin resistance assay (Xpert-MTB/RIF) and targeted metagenomic sequencing (tNGS) in detection of MTB, and to analyze the influencing factors of consistency differences.

Methods

The clinical data of 95 patients with suspected tuberculosis (TB) admitted to Lu’an People’s Hospital from October 2023 to May 2025 were analyzed, retrospectively. The consistency analysis was performed on MTB detection results from Xpert MTB/RIF and tNGS technologies, and the efficacy of the two methods in assisting TB diagnosis were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The influencing factors of the consistency of Xpert MTB/RIF and tNGS detection results were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. Cluster analysis was used to divide the enrolled patients into high-risk group (35 cases) and low-risk group (60 cases) based on different uric acid (UA) levels, and the differences in distribution characteristics of influencing factors of MTB detection consistency using Xpert MTB/RIF and tNGS technologies between the two groups were compared.

Results

According to the final clinical diagnostic criteria, there were 55 TB cases and 40 non-TB cases. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for Xpert MTB/RIF and tNGS in assisting TB diagnosis were 0.931 (0.834-0.983) and 0.941 (0.884-0.975), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF were 90.91% and 90.00%, while those of tNGS were 90.91% and 92.50%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis indicated that age≥54 years old (OR=1.154, 95%CI: 1.059-1.226, P=0.019), disease type was non-TB (OR=6.836, 95%CI: 1.813-25.776, P=0.005), specimen type was sputum (OR=7.215, 95%CI: 5.264-8.965, P=0.005), and UA≥435.52 µmol/L (OR=5.643, 95%CI: 2.565-8.643, P=0.005) were all independent risk factors affecting the diagnostic concordance between Xpert MTB/RIF and tNGS. The diagnostic concordance between the two methods was higher in TB patients than that of non-TB patients, and alveolar lavage fluid specimens showed higher diagnostic concordance than sputum specimens. In the high-risk group, the proportion of “fewer risk factors distribution” type was significantly lower than that in the low-risk group, with significant difference (χ2=10.887, P=0.023).

Conclusions

Xpert MTB/RIF and tNGS demonstrated good consistency in MTB detection, the consistency is significantly affected by age, disease type, sample type and uric acid level.

表1 不同性别和年龄段患者的MTB检出率 [例(%)]
表2 Xpert MTB/RIF、tNGS与金标准检测MTB的一致性
图1 Xpert MTB/RIF和tNGS对结核病诊断效能的ROC曲线
表3 Xpert MTB/RIF和tNGS对结核病的诊断效能(%)
表4 Xpert MTB/RIF和tNGS检测MTB一致与不一致患者的临床资料 [例(%)]
表5 Xpert MTB/RIF和tNGS检测MTB一致性影响因素的Logistic回归分析赋值
表6 Xpert MTB/RIF和tNGS检测MTB一致性影响因素的Logistic回归分析
图2 Xpert MTB/RIF和tNGS检测MTB一致性影响因素的聚类分析
表7 潜在类别模型分析因素(n=95)
表8 高风险组影响因素潜在类别分析指标
表9 高风险组影响因素的条件概率和潜在类别概率
图3 高风险组潜在类别条件概率分布
表10 低风险组影响因素潜在类别分析指标
表11 低风险组影响因素的条件概率和潜在类别概率
图4 低风险组潜在类别条件概率分布
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