切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (06) : 410 -417. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2022.06.008

论著

357例流行性感冒患儿血清25-羟基维生素D水平及其与重症化的关联性
陈媛1, 邓慧玲2,(), 李亚萍3, 张玉凤4, 张瑜4, 闫凯悦4   
  1. 1. 710003 西安市,西安市儿童医院神经内科;710003 西安市,西安市儿童医院感染二科
    2. 710003 西安市,西安市儿童医院感染二科;710003 西安市,西安市中心医院儿科
    3. 710004 西安市,西安交通大学第二附属医院感染科
    4. 710003 西安市,西安市儿童医院感染二科
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-09 出版日期:2022-12-15
  • 通信作者: 邓慧玲
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省重点研发计划项目(No. 2022ZDLSF01-05); 西安市科技计划项目(No. 21YXYJ006)

Serum 25-(OH)D level of 357 children with influenza virus infection and the correlation between severe influenza

Yuan Chen1, Huiling Deng2,(), Yaping Li3, Yufeng Zhang4, Yu Zhang4, Kaiyue Yan4   

  1. 1. Department of Neurology, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an 710003, China; The Second Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an 710003, China
    2. The Second Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an 710003, China; Department of Pediatrics, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an 710003, China
    3. Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an 710004, China
    4. The Second Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an 710003, China
  • Received:2022-04-09 Published:2022-12-15
  • Corresponding author: Huiling Deng
引用本文:

陈媛, 邓慧玲, 李亚萍, 张玉凤, 张瑜, 闫凯悦. 357例流行性感冒患儿血清25-羟基维生素D水平及其与重症化的关联性[J]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2022, 16(06): 410-417.

Yuan Chen, Huiling Deng, Yaping Li, Yufeng Zhang, Yu Zhang, Kaiyue Yan. Serum 25-(OH)D level of 357 children with influenza virus infection and the correlation between severe influenza[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2022, 16(06): 410-417.

目的

分析流行性感冒(流感)住院患儿的临床特征及实验室检查指标,为早期识别重症患儿提供参考。

方法

选取西安市儿童医院2018年12月至2020年4月收治住院的流感患儿共357例为病例组,并根据病情程度分为轻症组(207例)和重症组(150例)。对患儿临床资料进行回顾性分析,统计分析两组患儿临床特点及实验室指标差异。同时随机选择同期儿童保健科体检的健康儿童180例为对照组。采用化学发光法检测血清25-羟基维生素D[25-(OH)D]水平。探讨25-(OH)D水平与流感重症化的关联性。

结果

357例流感患儿中,男女比例为1.29︰1,年龄分布在1个月10 d~12岁,以5岁以下者为主(276例、77.3%)。其中甲型流感患儿308例(86.3%),乙型流感患儿49例(13.7%)。重症组患儿存在基础疾病(χ2 = 5.988、P = 0.014),病程中出现气喘(χ2 = 5.272、P = 0.022)、呕吐(χ2 = 6.080、P = 0.014)症状者均显著多于轻症组,差异均有统计学意义。重症组患儿白细胞计数(Z =-2.429、P = 0.015)、中性粒细胞计数(Z =-3.106、P = 0.002)、C-反应蛋白(Z =-4.031、P = 0.001)和降钙素原(Z =-0.970、P = 0.016)水平均高于轻症组;淋巴细胞计数(Z = 3.239、P = 0.001)、单核细胞计数(Z = 2.208、P = 0.027)均低于轻症组,差异均有统计学意义。血清25-(OH)D水平,轻症组低于对照组[(30.47 ± 11.23)ng/ml vs. (44.74 ± 12.57)ng/ml:t =-7.783、P < 0.001],重症组低于对照组[(26.33 ± 6.88)ng/ml vs. (44.74 ± 12.57)ng/ml:t =-8.884、P < 0.001],重症组低于轻症组[(26.33 ± 6.88)ng/ml vs. (30.47 ± 11.23)ng/ml:t = 2.311、P = 0.013],差异均有统计学意义。利用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)确定血清25-(OH)D预测重症流感的最佳临界值为22.21 ng/ml,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.691,敏感度和特异度分别为68.0%和65.3%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示基础疾病(OR = 2.698、P = 0.028)、气喘(OR = 3.764、P = 0.017)、呕吐(OR = 3.455、P = 0.018)和血清25-(OH)D < 22.21 ng/ml(OR = 4.251、P = 0.003)均为流感重症化的危险因素。355例(99.4%)患儿经口服奥司他韦抗病毒及对症治疗后好转或痊愈出院,2例(0.6%)重症组患儿未愈签字出院,住院平均天数为6.2 d。

结论

5岁以下儿童为流感易感人群,儿童流感以甲型流感为主。患有基础疾病,病程中出现气喘及呕吐症状,血清25-(OH)D降低的患儿更易进展为重症病例,但血清25-(OH)D不能单独作为预测重症流感发生的因素。

Objective

To investigate the clinical characteristics and laboratory examinations of hospitalized children with influenza, and to provide evidence-based basis for early identification of severe influenza.

Methods

Total of 357 children with influenza admitted to Xi’an Children’s Hospital and Xi’an Central Hospital from December 2018 to April 2020 were selected as case group, and divided into mild group (207 cases) and severe group (150 cases) according to disease severity. The clinical data of the case group were analyzed, retrospectively, and the differences of clinical characteristics and laboratory examinations were analyzed, respectively. Meanwhile, 180 healthy children who were randomly selected for physical examination in the same period were selected as control group. Serum 25-(OH)D level was measured by chemiluminescence. The relationship between serum 25-(OH)D level and severe influenza was analyzed.

Results

Among the 357 children with influenza, the male to female ratio was 1.29︰1, and the age ranged from 1 month and 10 days to 12 years old, with 276 cases (77.3%) younger than 5 years old. There were 308 (86.3%) cases of influenza A and 49 (13.7%) cases of influenza B. Patients with underlying diseases (χ2 = 5.988, P = 0.014), wheezing (χ2 = 5.272, P = 0.022), vomiting (χ2 = 6.080, P = 0.014) symptoms in the severe group were more than those in the mild group, with significant differences. The white blood cell count (Z = -2.429, P = 0.015), neutrophil count (Z =-3.106, P = 0.002), C-reactive protein (Z =-4.031, P = 0.001), procalcitonin (Z =-0.970, P = 0.016) in the severe group were significantly higher than those in the mild group, while the lymphocyte count (Z =-3.239, P = 0.001), monocyte count (Z =-2.208, P = 0.027) were lower than those in the mild group, with significant differences. In comparison of serum 25-(OH)D levels, the mild group was significantly lower than that of the control group [(30.47 ± 11.23) ng/ml vs. (44.74 ± 12.57) ng/ml: t =-7.783, P < 0.001], the severe group was lower than that of the control group [(26.33 ± 6.88) ng/ml vs. (44.74 ± 12.57) ng/ml: t = -8.884, P < 0.001], and the severe group was significantly lower than that of the mild group [(26.33 ± 6.88) ng/ml vs. (30.47 ± 11.23) ng/ml: t = 2.311, P = 0.013]. The best cut-off value of serum 25-(OH)D for predicting severe influenza was 22.21 ng/ml which determined by ROC curve, the area under the curve was 0.691, the sensitivity was 68.0%, and the specificity was 65.3%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that underlying diseases (OR = 2.698, P = 0.028), wheezing (OR = 3.764, P = 0.017), vomiting (OR = 3.455, P = 0.018), serum 25-(OH)D < 22.21 ng/ml (OR = 4.251, P = 0.003) were all risk factors of severe influenza. After oral oseltamivir antiviral and symptomatic treatment, 355 (99.4%) children improved or were cured and discharged, and 2 (0.6%) children in the severe disease group who were not cured were signed out. The mean length of hospitalization was 6.2 days.

Conclusions

Children under 5 years old are susceptible to influenza, and influenza virus infection among children is mainly influenza A. Children with underlying diseases, wheezing and vomiting symptoms during the course of the disease, and lower serum 25-(OH)D are more likely to progress to severe cases, and serum 25-(OH)D cannot be used as a independent predictor of severe influenza.

表1 流感轻症组和重症组患儿的一般资料和临床特征[例(%)]
表2 流感重症组、轻症组与对照组儿童血清25-(OH)D水平
表3 流感轻症组和重症组患儿的实验室指标
图1 血清25-(OH)D预测重症流感的ROC曲线
表4 流感重症化的多因素Logistic回归分析
表5 流感患儿的治疗及预后
[1]
Paules C, Subbarao K. Influenza[J]. Lancet,2017,390(10095):697-708.
[2]
Somes MP, Turner RM, Dwyer LJ, et al. Estimating the annual attack rate of seasonal influenza among unvaccinated individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Vaccine,2018,36(23):3199-3207.
[3]
Yu H, Huang J, HuaiY, et al. The substantial hospitalization burden of influenza in central China: surveillance for severe, acute respiratory infection, and influenza viruses, 2010-2012[J]. Influenza Other Respir Viruses,2014,8(1):53-65.
[4]
缪美华,邵雪君,朱宏, 等. 婴儿血清25羟维生素D水平与呼吸道病原易感关系研究[J]. 中国实用儿科杂志,2014,29(3):226-230.
[5]
国家呼吸系统疾病临床医学研究中心,中华医学会儿科学分会呼吸学组. 儿童流感诊断与治疗专家共识(2020年版)[J]. 中华实用儿科临床杂志,2020,35(17):1281-1288.
[6]
邢正,付丹. 儿童流感病毒感染临床特点及重症病例危险因素分析[J]. 中国小儿急救医学,2021,28(5):376-379.
[7]
Cardani A, Boulton A, Kim TS, et al. Alveolar macrophages prevent lethal influenza pneumonia by inhibiting infection of type-1 alveolar epithelial cells[J]. PLoS Pathog,2017,13(1):e1006140.
[8]
Chaw L, Kamigaki T, Burmaa A, et al. Burden of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection in pregnant women and infants under 6 months in mongolia: A prospective cohort study [J]. PLoS One,2016,11(2):e0148421.
[9]
Shang M, Blanton L, Brammer L, et al. Influenza-associated pediatric deaths in the United States, 2010-2016[J]. Pediatrics,2018,141(4): e20172918.
[10]
Keren R, Zaoutis TE, Bridges CB, et al. Neurological and neuromuscular disease as a risk factor for respiratory failure in children hospitalized with influenza infection[J]. JAMA,2005,294(17):2188-2194.
[11]
Dalziel SR, Thompson JM, Macias CG, et al. Predictors of severe H1N1 infection in children presenting within Pediatric Emergency Research Networks (PERN): retrospective case-control study[J]. BMJ,2013,347:f4836.
[12]
Memar MY, Varshochi M, Shokouhi B, et al. Procalcitonin: the marker of pediatric bacterial infection[J]. Biomed Pharmacother,2017,96:936-943.
[13]
Ngwa DN, Agrawal A. Structure-function relationships of C-reactive protein in bacterial infection[J]. Front Immunol,2019,10:166.
[14]
徐琳,张艳兰,王彩英, 等. 83例重症甲型流行性感冒患儿的临床特征[J/CD]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版),2020,14(1):69-72.
[15]
Cheng Y, Zhao H, Song P, et al. Dynamic changes of lymphocyte counts in adult patients with severe pandemic H1N1 influenza A[J]. J Infect Public Health,2019,12(6):878-883.
[16]
Temel H, Gündüz M, Tosun AI, et al. The importance of neutrophil/lymphocyte and lymphocyte/monocyte ratios in the diagnosis of influenza in children[J]. Clin Lab,2021,67(4):1073-1078.
[17]
van Etten E, Mathieu C. Immunoregulation by 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: basic concepts[J]. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol,2005,97(1-2):93-101.
[18]
Panagiotou G, Tee SA, Ihsan Y, et al. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 are associated with greater disease severity[J]. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf),2020,93(4):508-511.
[19]
Aygun H. Vitamin D can prevent COVID-19 infection-induced multiple organ damage[J]. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 2020,393(7):1157-1160.
[20]
Hollams EM, Teo SM, Kusel M, et al. Vitamin D over the first decade and susceptibility to childhood allergy and asthma[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol,2017,139(2):472-481.
[21]
Moromizato T, Litonjua AA, Braun AB, et al. Association of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and sepsis in the critically ill[J]. Crit Care Med,2014,42(1):97-107.
[22]
Lee MD, Lin CH, Lei WT, et al. Does Vitamin D deficiency affect the immunogenic responses to influenza vaccination? A systematic review and Meta-analysis[J]. Nutrients,2018,10(4):409.
[23]
Urashima M, Segawa T, Okazaki M, et al. Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation to prevent seasonal influenza A in schoolchildren[J]. Am J Clin Nutr,2010,91(5):1255-1260.
[24]
Hayashi H, Okamatsu M, Ogasawara H, et al. Oral supplementation of the Vitamin D metabolite 25(OH)D3 against influenza virus infection in mice[J]. Nutrients,2020,12(7):2000.
[25]
张国明,李铁钢,邬丽娟, 等. 早期应用奥司他韦治疗流感样病例的疗效观察[J]. 临床急诊杂志,2014,15(11):675-677.
[26]
Little P, Rumsby K, Kelly J, et al. Information leaflet and antibiotic prescribing strategies for acute lower respiratory tract infection: a randomized controlled trial[J]. JAMA,2005,293(24):3029-3035.
[1] 张璇, 马宇童, 苗玉倩, 张云, 吴士文, 党晓楚, 陈颖颖, 钟兆明, 王雪娟, 胡淼, 孙岩峰, 马秀珠, 吕发勤, 寇海燕. 超声对Duchenne肌营养不良儿童膈肌功能的评价[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(10): 1068-1073.
[2] 张宝富, 俞劲, 叶菁菁, 俞建根, 马晓辉, 刘喜旺. 先天性原发隔异位型肺静脉异位引流的超声心动图诊断[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(10): 1074-1080.
[3] 韩丹, 王婷, 肖欢, 朱丽容, 陈镜宇, 唐毅. 超声造影与增强CT对儿童肝脏良恶性病变诊断价值的对比分析[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(09): 939-944.
[4] 刘婷婷, 林妍冰, 汪珊, 陈幕荣, 唐子鉴, 代东伶, 夏焙. 超声衰减参数成像评价儿童代谢相关脂肪性肝病的价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(08): 787-794.
[5] 周钰菡, 肖欢, 唐毅, 杨春江, 周娟, 朱丽容, 徐娟, 牟芳婷. 超声对儿童髋关节暂时性滑膜炎的诊断价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(08): 795-800.
[6] 米洁, 陈晨, 李佳玲, 裴海娜, 张恒博, 李飞, 李东杰. 儿童头面部外伤特点分析[J]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2023, 18(06): 511-515.
[7] 黄翠君, 张喜玲, 刘思嘉, 刘云建. 重症急性胰腺炎营养支持治疗研究进展[J]. 中华普通外科学文献(电子版), 2023, 17(05): 385-390.
[8] 王蕾, 王少华, 牛海珍, 尹腾飞. 儿童腹股沟疝围手术期风险预警干预[J]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(06): 768-772.
[9] 李芳, 许瑞, 李洋洋, 石秀全. 循证医学理念在儿童腹股沟疝患者中的应用[J]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(06): 782-786.
[10] 吕垒, 冯啸, 何凯明, 曾凯宁, 杨卿, 吕海金, 易慧敏, 易述红, 杨扬, 傅斌生. 改良金氏评分在儿童肝豆状核变性急性肝衰竭肝移植手术时机评估中价值并文献复习[J]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2023, 12(06): 661-668.
[11] 王小红, 钱晶, 翁文俊, 周国雄, 朱顺星, 祁小鸣, 刘春, 王萍, 沈伟, 程睿智, 秦璟灏. 巯基丙酮酸硫基转移酶调控核因子κB信号介导自噬对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠的影响及机制[J]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2023, 13(06): 422-426.
[12] 卓少宏, 林秀玲, 周翠梅, 熊卫莲, 马兴灶. CD64指数、SAA/CRP、PCT联合检测在小儿消化道感染性疾病鉴别诊断中的应用[J]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2023, 13(06): 505-509.
[13] 刘笑笑, 张小杉, 刘群, 马岚, 段莎莎, 施依璐, 张敏洁, 王雅晳. 中国学龄前儿童先天性心脏病流行病学研究进展[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(9): 1021-1024.
[14] 李琪, 黄钟莹, 袁平, 关振鹏. 基于某三级医院的ICU多重耐药菌医院感染影响因素的分析[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(07): 777-782.
[15] 李静, 张玲玲, 邢伟. 兴趣诱导理念用于小儿手术麻醉诱导前的价值及其对家属满意度的影响[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(07): 812-817.
阅读次数
全文


摘要