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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (06) : 410 -417. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2022.06.008

论著

357例流行性感冒患儿血清25-羟基维生素D水平及其与重症化的关联性
陈媛1, 邓慧玲2,(), 李亚萍3, 张玉凤4, 张瑜4, 闫凯悦4   
  1. 1. 710003 西安市,西安市儿童医院神经内科;710003 西安市,西安市儿童医院感染二科
    2. 710003 西安市,西安市儿童医院感染二科;710003 西安市,西安市中心医院儿科
    3. 710004 西安市,西安交通大学第二附属医院感染科
    4. 710003 西安市,西安市儿童医院感染二科
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-09 出版日期:2022-12-15
  • 通信作者: 邓慧玲
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省重点研发计划项目(No. 2022ZDLSF01-05); 西安市科技计划项目(No. 21YXYJ006)

Serum 25-(OH)D level of 357 children with influenza virus infection and the correlation between severe influenza

Yuan Chen1, Huiling Deng2,(), Yaping Li3, Yufeng Zhang4, Yu Zhang4, Kaiyue Yan4   

  1. 1. Department of Neurology, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an 710003, China; The Second Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an 710003, China
    2. The Second Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an 710003, China; Department of Pediatrics, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an 710003, China
    3. Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an 710004, China
    4. The Second Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an 710003, China
  • Received:2022-04-09 Published:2022-12-15
  • Corresponding author: Huiling Deng
引用本文:

陈媛, 邓慧玲, 李亚萍, 张玉凤, 张瑜, 闫凯悦. 357例流行性感冒患儿血清25-羟基维生素D水平及其与重症化的关联性[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2022, 16(06): 410-417.

Yuan Chen, Huiling Deng, Yaping Li, Yufeng Zhang, Yu Zhang, Kaiyue Yan. Serum 25-(OH)D level of 357 children with influenza virus infection and the correlation between severe influenza[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2022, 16(06): 410-417.

目的

分析流行性感冒(流感)住院患儿的临床特征及实验室检查指标,为早期识别重症患儿提供参考。

方法

选取西安市儿童医院2018年12月至2020年4月收治住院的流感患儿共357例为病例组,并根据病情程度分为轻症组(207例)和重症组(150例)。对患儿临床资料进行回顾性分析,统计分析两组患儿临床特点及实验室指标差异。同时随机选择同期儿童保健科体检的健康儿童180例为对照组。采用化学发光法检测血清25-羟基维生素D[25-(OH)D]水平。探讨25-(OH)D水平与流感重症化的关联性。

结果

357例流感患儿中,男女比例为1.29︰1,年龄分布在1个月10 d~12岁,以5岁以下者为主(276例、77.3%)。其中甲型流感患儿308例(86.3%),乙型流感患儿49例(13.7%)。重症组患儿存在基础疾病(χ2 = 5.988、P = 0.014),病程中出现气喘(χ2 = 5.272、P = 0.022)、呕吐(χ2 = 6.080、P = 0.014)症状者均显著多于轻症组,差异均有统计学意义。重症组患儿白细胞计数(Z =-2.429、P = 0.015)、中性粒细胞计数(Z =-3.106、P = 0.002)、C-反应蛋白(Z =-4.031、P = 0.001)和降钙素原(Z =-0.970、P = 0.016)水平均高于轻症组;淋巴细胞计数(Z = 3.239、P = 0.001)、单核细胞计数(Z = 2.208、P = 0.027)均低于轻症组,差异均有统计学意义。血清25-(OH)D水平,轻症组低于对照组[(30.47 ± 11.23)ng/ml vs. (44.74 ± 12.57)ng/ml:t =-7.783、P < 0.001],重症组低于对照组[(26.33 ± 6.88)ng/ml vs. (44.74 ± 12.57)ng/ml:t =-8.884、P < 0.001],重症组低于轻症组[(26.33 ± 6.88)ng/ml vs. (30.47 ± 11.23)ng/ml:t = 2.311、P = 0.013],差异均有统计学意义。利用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)确定血清25-(OH)D预测重症流感的最佳临界值为22.21 ng/ml,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.691,敏感度和特异度分别为68.0%和65.3%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示基础疾病(OR = 2.698、P = 0.028)、气喘(OR = 3.764、P = 0.017)、呕吐(OR = 3.455、P = 0.018)和血清25-(OH)D < 22.21 ng/ml(OR = 4.251、P = 0.003)均为流感重症化的危险因素。355例(99.4%)患儿经口服奥司他韦抗病毒及对症治疗后好转或痊愈出院,2例(0.6%)重症组患儿未愈签字出院,住院平均天数为6.2 d。

结论

5岁以下儿童为流感易感人群,儿童流感以甲型流感为主。患有基础疾病,病程中出现气喘及呕吐症状,血清25-(OH)D降低的患儿更易进展为重症病例,但血清25-(OH)D不能单独作为预测重症流感发生的因素。

Objective

To investigate the clinical characteristics and laboratory examinations of hospitalized children with influenza, and to provide evidence-based basis for early identification of severe influenza.

Methods

Total of 357 children with influenza admitted to Xi’an Children’s Hospital and Xi’an Central Hospital from December 2018 to April 2020 were selected as case group, and divided into mild group (207 cases) and severe group (150 cases) according to disease severity. The clinical data of the case group were analyzed, retrospectively, and the differences of clinical characteristics and laboratory examinations were analyzed, respectively. Meanwhile, 180 healthy children who were randomly selected for physical examination in the same period were selected as control group. Serum 25-(OH)D level was measured by chemiluminescence. The relationship between serum 25-(OH)D level and severe influenza was analyzed.

Results

Among the 357 children with influenza, the male to female ratio was 1.29︰1, and the age ranged from 1 month and 10 days to 12 years old, with 276 cases (77.3%) younger than 5 years old. There were 308 (86.3%) cases of influenza A and 49 (13.7%) cases of influenza B. Patients with underlying diseases (χ2 = 5.988, P = 0.014), wheezing (χ2 = 5.272, P = 0.022), vomiting (χ2 = 6.080, P = 0.014) symptoms in the severe group were more than those in the mild group, with significant differences. The white blood cell count (Z = -2.429, P = 0.015), neutrophil count (Z =-3.106, P = 0.002), C-reactive protein (Z =-4.031, P = 0.001), procalcitonin (Z =-0.970, P = 0.016) in the severe group were significantly higher than those in the mild group, while the lymphocyte count (Z =-3.239, P = 0.001), monocyte count (Z =-2.208, P = 0.027) were lower than those in the mild group, with significant differences. In comparison of serum 25-(OH)D levels, the mild group was significantly lower than that of the control group [(30.47 ± 11.23) ng/ml vs. (44.74 ± 12.57) ng/ml: t =-7.783, P < 0.001], the severe group was lower than that of the control group [(26.33 ± 6.88) ng/ml vs. (44.74 ± 12.57) ng/ml: t = -8.884, P < 0.001], and the severe group was significantly lower than that of the mild group [(26.33 ± 6.88) ng/ml vs. (30.47 ± 11.23) ng/ml: t = 2.311, P = 0.013]. The best cut-off value of serum 25-(OH)D for predicting severe influenza was 22.21 ng/ml which determined by ROC curve, the area under the curve was 0.691, the sensitivity was 68.0%, and the specificity was 65.3%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that underlying diseases (OR = 2.698, P = 0.028), wheezing (OR = 3.764, P = 0.017), vomiting (OR = 3.455, P = 0.018), serum 25-(OH)D < 22.21 ng/ml (OR = 4.251, P = 0.003) were all risk factors of severe influenza. After oral oseltamivir antiviral and symptomatic treatment, 355 (99.4%) children improved or were cured and discharged, and 2 (0.6%) children in the severe disease group who were not cured were signed out. The mean length of hospitalization was 6.2 days.

Conclusions

Children under 5 years old are susceptible to influenza, and influenza virus infection among children is mainly influenza A. Children with underlying diseases, wheezing and vomiting symptoms during the course of the disease, and lower serum 25-(OH)D are more likely to progress to severe cases, and serum 25-(OH)D cannot be used as a independent predictor of severe influenza.

表1 流感轻症组和重症组患儿的一般资料和临床特征[例(%)]
表2 流感重症组、轻症组与对照组儿童血清25-(OH)D水平
表3 流感轻症组和重症组患儿的实验室指标
图1 血清25-(OH)D预测重症流感的ROC曲线
表4 流感重症化的多因素Logistic回归分析
表5 流感患儿的治疗及预后
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