切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (01) : 16 -24. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2022.01.003

论著

新型冠状病毒肺炎患者鼻咽拭子核酸阴转时间的影响因素
钱芳1, 宋美华1, 田地1, 葛子若1, 张婷玉1, 王爱彬1, 韩冰1, 徐艳利1, 陈志海1,()   
  1. 1. 100015 北京,首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院感染性疾病诊疗中心、感染病科国家临床重点专科
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-21 出版日期:2022-02-15
  • 通信作者: 陈志海
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(No. 2020YFC0848300)

Influencing factors for negative conversion time of viral RNA from nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with coronavirus disease 2019

Fang Qian1, Meihua Song1, Di Tian1, Ziruo Ge1, Tingyu Zhang1, Aibin Wang1, Bing Han1, Yanli Xu1, Zhihai Chen1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Key Specialty for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
  • Received:2021-05-21 Published:2022-02-15
  • Corresponding author: Zhihai Chen
引用本文:

钱芳, 宋美华, 田地, 葛子若, 张婷玉, 王爱彬, 韩冰, 徐艳利, 陈志海. 新型冠状病毒肺炎患者鼻咽拭子核酸阴转时间的影响因素[J]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2022, 16(01): 16-24.

Fang Qian, Meihua Song, Di Tian, Ziruo Ge, Tingyu Zhang, Aibin Wang, Bing Han, Yanli Xu, Zhihai Chen. Influencing factors for negative conversion time of viral RNA from nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with coronavirus disease 2019[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2022, 16(01): 16-24.

目的

分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者鼻咽拭子新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)核酸阴转时间的影响因素。

方法

本项单中心回顾性病例对照研究共收集2020年6月11日至2020年7月1日首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院收治的121例确诊为COVID-19患者的临床资料,采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析COVID-19患者鼻咽拭子SARS-CoV-2核酸阴转时间的独立影响因素。

结果

121例COVID-19患者发病至鼻咽拭子核酸检测阴转时间为[27(23,34)] d。多因素Cox回归分析提示年龄> 45岁(HR = 0.583、95%CI:0.388~0.877、P = 0.010)和体温> 39 ℃(HR = 0.482、95%CI:0.254~0.914、P = 0.025)均为影响SARS-CoV-2核酸阴转时间的独立危险因素;CD8+ T细胞> 300个/μl(HR = 1.708、95%CI:1.102~2.647、P = 0.017)均为SARS-CoV-2核酸阴转时间的独立保护因素。

结论

年龄> 45岁、高热及CD8+ T细胞≤ 300个/μl等预测因子有助于临床医生早期识别可能出现SARS-CoV-2核酸阳性持续时间较长的COVID-19住院患者,促进改善治疗策略及调整隔离方案。

Objective

To investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics which influence the negative conversion time of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ribonucleic acid (RNA) of nasopharyngeal swab in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods

Total of 121 patients diagnosed as COVID-19 were admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from June 11st 2020 to July 1st 2020. Clinical data of these patients were collected in this single-center retrospective case-control study. Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis was used to investigate the independent factors influencing negative conversion time of virus RNA in nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with COVID-19.

Results

The period from illness onset to the first day of the two consecutive negative results of nucleic acid of 121 patients with COVID-19 were [27 (23, 34)] days. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that older than 45 years old (HR = 0.583, 95%CI: 0.388-0.877, P = 0.010) and body temperature > 39 ℃ (HR = 0.482, 95%CI: 0.254-0.914, P = 0.025) were all independent risk factors for negative conversion time of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, while CD8+ T cells > 300 cells/μl (HR = 1.708, 95%CI: 1.102-2.647, P = 0.017) was an independent protective factor affecting negative conversion time of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.

Conclusions

Predictors such as age > 45 years old, hyperthermia and CD8+ T lymphocyte count ≤ 300 cells/μl might help clinicians early identify the patients who may present with a longer positive duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and adjust treatment strategies and isolation protocols.

表1 121例COVID-19患者一般资料、临床症状和实验室指标
表2 121例COVID-19患者鼻咽拭子SARS-CoV-2核酸阴转时间影响因素的单因素Cox回归分析
变量 β SE Wald χ2 P HR 95%CI
性别            
  a            
  -0.165 0.190 0.756 0.384 0.874 0.584~1.231
年龄            
  ≤ 45岁a            
  > 45岁 -0.603 0.193 9.798 0.002 0.547 0.375~0.798
病情            
  非重症a            
  重症 -0.627 0.334 3.516 0.061 0.534 0.277~1.029
体温            
  ≤ 39℃a            
  > 39℃ -0.716 0.262 7.495 0.006 0.489 0.293~0.816
发热            
  a            
  -0.257 0.189 1.842 0.175 0.773 0.533~1.121
乏力            
  a            
  -0.373 0.21 3.143 0.076 0.689 0.456~1.040
咳嗽            
  a            
  -0.283 0.183 2.391 0.122 0.753 0.526~1.079
咯痰            
  a            
  -0.247 0.195 1.605 0.205 0.781 0.533~1.145
咽痛            
  a            
  -0.305 0.217 1.974 0.160 0.737 0.482~1.128
胸闷            
  a            
  -0.602 0.267 5.085 0.024 0.548 0.324~0.924
WBC(× 109/L)            
  ≤ 4a            
  > 4 0.110 0.202 0.298 0.585 1.117 0.751~1.660
NE(× 109/L)            
  ≤ 2.5a            
  > 2.5 0.051 0.188 0.075 0.785 1.053 0.728~1.523
LY(× 109/L)            
  ≤ 1a            
  > 1 0.131 0.257 0.261 0.609 1.140 0.689~1.886
NK细胞(个/μl)            
  ≤ 200a            
  > 200 -0.086 0.183 0.219 0.640 0.918 0.641~1.314
B细胞(个/μl)            
  ≤ 200a            
  > 200 0.099 0.188 0.275 0.600 1.104 0.764~1.595
CD3+ T细胞(个/μl)            
  ≤ 1 000a            
  > 1 000 0.440 0.187 5.502 0.019 1.552 1.075~2.241
CD4+ T细胞(个/μl)            
  ≤ 350a            
  > 350 -0.030 0.238 0.015 0.901 0.971 0.608~1.549
CD8+ T细胞(个/μl)            
  ≤ 300a            
  > 300 0.569 0.19 8.973 0.003 1.767 1.217~2.564
CRP(mg/L)            
  ≤ 5a            
  > 5 -0.042 0.19 0.05 0.823 0.958 0.661~1.390
D-Dimer(mg/L)            
  ≤ 0.5a            
  > 0.5 -0.512 0.221 5.354 0.021 0.600 0.389~0.925
ALB(g/L)            
  ≤ 40a            
  > 40 0.297 0.239 1.541 0.214 1.346 0.842~2.150
LDH(U/L)            
  ≤ 250a            
  > 250 -0.350 0.238 2.169 0.141 0.705 0.442~1.123
图1 不同分组的COVID-19患者鼻咽拭子SARS-CoV-2核酸阴转时间注:A:年龄≤ 45岁 vs.年龄> 45岁患者;B:最高体温≤ 39.0 ℃ vs.最高体温> 39.0 ℃患者;C:入院患者外周血CD8+ T细胞≤ 300个/μl vs. CD8+ T细胞> 300个/μl患者
表3 影响COVID-19患者鼻咽拭子SARS-CoV-2核酸阴转时间的多因素Cox回归分析
[1]
Lu CW, Liu XF, Jia ZF. 2019-nCoV transmission through the ocular surface must not be ignored[J]. Lancet,2020,395(10224):e39.
[2]
Liu Y, Gayle AA, Wilder-Smith A, et al. The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus[J]. J Travel Med,2020,27(2):taaa021.
[3]
王凌航. 新型冠状病毒感染的特征及应对[J/CD]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版),2020,14(1):1-4.
[4]
国家卫生健康委员会.新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第七版)[EB/OL]. accessed on 19 May 2021).

URL    
[5]
国家卫生健康委员会. 新型冠状病毒肺炎防控方案(第六版)[EB/OL]. 2021.

URL    
[6]
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China[J]. Lancet,2020,395(10223):497-506.
[7]
Holshue ML, DeBolt C, Lindquist S, et al. First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States[J]. N Engl J Med,2020,382(10):929-936.
[8]
Ling Y, Xu SB, Lin YX, et al. Persistence and clearance of viral RNA in 2019 novel coronavirus disease rehabilitation patients[J]. Chin Med J (Engl),2020,133(9):1039-1043.
[9]
Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study[J]. Lancet,2020,395(10229):1054-1062.
[10]
Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patientsWith 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China[J]. JAMA,323(11):1061-1069.
[11]
胡文佳,陈铁龙,严亚军, 等. 44例不同严重程度新型冠状病毒肺炎患者临床检测指标分析[J/CD]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版),2021,15(1):15-21.
[12]
Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study[J]. Lancet,2020,395(10223):507-513.
[13]
Liu K, Chen Y, Lin R, et al. Clinical features of COVID-19 in elderly patients: A comparison with young and middle-aged patients[J]. Infect,2020,80(6):e14-e18.
[14]
Webster RG. Immunity to influenza in the elderly[J]. Vaccine,2000,18(16):1686-1689.
[15]
Goronzy JJ, Lee WW, Weyand CM. Aging and T-cell diversity[J]. Exp Gerontol,2007,42(5):400-406.
[16]
陈琼,余维巍,王丽静, 等. 老年人新型冠状病毒肺炎防治要点(试行)[J]. 中华老年医学杂志,2020,39(2):113-118.
[17]
Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China[J]. N Engl J Med,2020,382(18):1708-1720.
[18]
Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, et al. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China[J]. JAMA Intern Med,2020,180(7):934-943.
[19]
Hu H, Du H, Li J, et al. Early prediction and identification for severe patients during the pandemic of COVID-19: A severe COVID-19 risk model constructed by multivariate logistic regression analysis[J]. J Glob Health,2020,10(2):020510.
[20]
Yao C, Bora SA, Parimon T, et al. Cell-type-specific immune dysregulation in severely ill COVID-19 patients[J]. Cell Rep,2021,34(1):108590.
[21]
Liao W, Hua Z, Liu C, et al. Characterization of T-dependent and T-independent B cell responses to a virus-like particle[J]. J Immunol,2017,198(10):3846-3856.
[22]
Vos Q, Lees A, Wu Z, et al. B-cell activation by T-cell-independent type 2 antigens as an integral part of the humoral immune response to pathogenic microorganisms[J]. ImmunolRev,2000,176:154-170.
[23]
Mescher MF, Curtsinger JM, Agarwal P, et al. Signals required for programming effector and memory development by CD8+ T cells[J]. Immunol Rev,2006,211:81-92.
[24]
Wen W, Su W, Tang H, et al. Immune cell profiling of COVID-19 patients in the recovery stage by single-cell sequencing[J]. Cell Discov,2020,6:31.
[25]
Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z, et al. Dysregulation of immune response in patients with Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China[J]. Clin Infect Dis,2020,71(15):762-768.
[26]
Liu J, Li S, Liu J, et al. Longitudinal characteristics of lymphocyte responses and cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients[J]. EBioMedicine,2020,55:102763.
[27]
Lagadinou M, Zareifopoulos N, Gkentzi D, et al. Alterations in lymphocyte subsets and monocytes in patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: a mini review of the literature[J]. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci,2021,25(15):5057-5062.
[28]
Wong RS, Wu A, To KF, et al. Haematological manifestations in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: retrospective analysis[J]. BMJ,2003,326(7403):1358-1362.
[29]
Peng X, Ouyang J, Isnard S, et al. Sharing CD4+ T cell loss: When COVID-19 and HIV collide on immune system[J]. Front Immunol,2020,11:596631.
[1] 周灿, 史博慧, 杨谨, 李军涛, 许锐, 陈元元, 魏洪亮, 刘震, 邓智平, 樊东, 刁岩, 李雄雄, 白俊文, 任予. 乳腺癌患者新型冠状病毒感染后的临床症状:基于患者自报告结局的多中心横断面调查研究[J]. 中华乳腺病杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(03): 157-162.
[2] 董晓燕, 赵琪, 唐军, 张莉, 杨晓燕, 李姣. 奥密克戎变异株感染所致新型冠状病毒感染疾病新生儿的临床特征分析[J]. 中华妇幼临床医学杂志(电子版), 2023, 19(05): 595-603.
[3] 李安琪, 徐祎琳, 向天新. 新型冠状病毒感染后肺纤维化病变诊治进展[J]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(05): 294-298.
[4] 吴令杰, 陈瑞烈, 陈桂佳, 肖湘明, 林钟滨. 两例获得性免疫缺陷综合征合并新型冠状病毒感染者抗病毒治疗并文献复习[J]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(04): 282-286.
[5] 朱名超, 朱娅, 郭飞波, 黄银娥. 新型冠状病毒感染诱导冷凝集现象对血常规参数的影响[J]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(04): 244-251.
[6] 李振华, 解宝江, 易为, 李丽, 卫雅娴, 周明书, 伊诺. 82例孕产妇对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控认知的心理干预及常态化疫情防控应对要点[J]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(03): 173-179.
[7] 戚若晨, 马帅军, 韩士超, 王国辉, 刘克普, 张小燕, 杨晓剑, 秦卫军. 肾移植术后新型冠状病毒感染单中心诊疗经验[J]. 中华移植杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(04): 232-239.
[8] 刘路浩, 苏泳鑫, 曾丽娟, 张鹏, 陈荣鑫, 徐璐, 李光辉, 方佳丽, 马俊杰, 陈正. 新型冠状病毒感染疫情期间肾移植受者免疫抑制剂服药依从性研究[J]. 中华移植杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(03): 140-145.
[9] 国家传染病医学中心, 中华医学会器官移植学分会, 中国康复医学会器官移植康复专业委员会, 中国器官移植发展基金会器官移植受者健康管理专项基金. 实体器官移植受者新型冠状病毒感染诊疗专家共识(2023年版)[J]. 中华移植杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(02): 65-81.
[10] 邵乐宁, 何腾飞, 钟丰云, 吴浩荣. 嵌顿疝合并新型冠状病毒感染高龄患者的外科诊治体会[J]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(03): 280-284.
[11] 王红敏, 谢云波, 王彦虎, 王福生. 间充质干细胞治疗新冠病毒感染的临床研究进展[J]. 中华细胞与干细胞杂志(电子版), 2023, 13(04): 247-256.
[12] 李金璞, 饶向荣. 抗病毒药物和急性肾损伤[J]. 中华肾病研究电子杂志, 2023, 12(05): 287-290.
[13] 徐静媛, 谢波, 邱海波, 杨毅. 《重症医学》课程思政建设的探索与实践[J]. 中华重症医学电子杂志, 2023, 09(03): 265-268.
[14] 李雪珠, 谢剑锋, 李晓青, 夏泽燕, 鲁玲, 顾晓霞, 马绍磊, 黄英姿. 循环式筛查与五色区域分类模式在方舱医院管理中的应用[J]. 中华重症医学电子杂志, 2023, 09(03): 316-320.
[15] 田丹阳, 刘小璇, 叶珊, 马新然, 樊东升, 傅瑜. 新型冠状病毒感染疫情对神经内科住院医师规范化培训的影响[J]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(05): 499-504.
阅读次数
全文


摘要