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中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (01) : 16 -24. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2022.01.003

论著

新型冠状病毒肺炎患者鼻咽拭子核酸阴转时间的影响因素
钱芳1, 宋美华1, 田地1, 葛子若1, 张婷玉1, 王爱彬1, 韩冰1, 徐艳利1, 陈志海1,()   
  1. 1. 100015 北京,首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院感染性疾病诊疗中心、感染病科国家临床重点专科
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-21 出版日期:2022-02-15
  • 通信作者: 陈志海
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(No. 2020YFC0848300)

Influencing factors for negative conversion time of viral RNA from nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with coronavirus disease 2019

Fang Qian1, Meihua Song1, Di Tian1, Ziruo Ge1, Tingyu Zhang1, Aibin Wang1, Bing Han1, Yanli Xu1, Zhihai Chen1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Key Specialty for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
  • Received:2021-05-21 Published:2022-02-15
  • Corresponding author: Zhihai Chen
引用本文:

钱芳, 宋美华, 田地, 葛子若, 张婷玉, 王爱彬, 韩冰, 徐艳利, 陈志海. 新型冠状病毒肺炎患者鼻咽拭子核酸阴转时间的影响因素[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2022, 16(01): 16-24.

Fang Qian, Meihua Song, Di Tian, Ziruo Ge, Tingyu Zhang, Aibin Wang, Bing Han, Yanli Xu, Zhihai Chen. Influencing factors for negative conversion time of viral RNA from nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with coronavirus disease 2019[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2022, 16(01): 16-24.

目的

分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者鼻咽拭子新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)核酸阴转时间的影响因素。

方法

本项单中心回顾性病例对照研究共收集2020年6月11日至2020年7月1日首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院收治的121例确诊为COVID-19患者的临床资料,采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析COVID-19患者鼻咽拭子SARS-CoV-2核酸阴转时间的独立影响因素。

结果

121例COVID-19患者发病至鼻咽拭子核酸检测阴转时间为[27(23,34)] d。多因素Cox回归分析提示年龄> 45岁(HR = 0.583、95%CI:0.388~0.877、P = 0.010)和体温> 39 ℃(HR = 0.482、95%CI:0.254~0.914、P = 0.025)均为影响SARS-CoV-2核酸阴转时间的独立危险因素;CD8+ T细胞> 300个/μl(HR = 1.708、95%CI:1.102~2.647、P = 0.017)均为SARS-CoV-2核酸阴转时间的独立保护因素。

结论

年龄> 45岁、高热及CD8+ T细胞≤ 300个/μl等预测因子有助于临床医生早期识别可能出现SARS-CoV-2核酸阳性持续时间较长的COVID-19住院患者,促进改善治疗策略及调整隔离方案。

Objective

To investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics which influence the negative conversion time of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ribonucleic acid (RNA) of nasopharyngeal swab in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods

Total of 121 patients diagnosed as COVID-19 were admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from June 11st 2020 to July 1st 2020. Clinical data of these patients were collected in this single-center retrospective case-control study. Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis was used to investigate the independent factors influencing negative conversion time of virus RNA in nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with COVID-19.

Results

The period from illness onset to the first day of the two consecutive negative results of nucleic acid of 121 patients with COVID-19 were [27 (23, 34)] days. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that older than 45 years old (HR = 0.583, 95%CI: 0.388-0.877, P = 0.010) and body temperature > 39 ℃ (HR = 0.482, 95%CI: 0.254-0.914, P = 0.025) were all independent risk factors for negative conversion time of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, while CD8+ T cells > 300 cells/μl (HR = 1.708, 95%CI: 1.102-2.647, P = 0.017) was an independent protective factor affecting negative conversion time of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.

Conclusions

Predictors such as age > 45 years old, hyperthermia and CD8+ T lymphocyte count ≤ 300 cells/μl might help clinicians early identify the patients who may present with a longer positive duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and adjust treatment strategies and isolation protocols.

表1 121例COVID-19患者一般资料、临床症状和实验室指标
表2 121例COVID-19患者鼻咽拭子SARS-CoV-2核酸阴转时间影响因素的单因素Cox回归分析
变量 β SE Wald χ2 P HR 95%CI
性别            
  a            
  -0.165 0.190 0.756 0.384 0.874 0.584~1.231
年龄            
  ≤ 45岁a            
  > 45岁 -0.603 0.193 9.798 0.002 0.547 0.375~0.798
病情            
  非重症a            
  重症 -0.627 0.334 3.516 0.061 0.534 0.277~1.029
体温            
  ≤ 39℃a            
  > 39℃ -0.716 0.262 7.495 0.006 0.489 0.293~0.816
发热            
  a            
  -0.257 0.189 1.842 0.175 0.773 0.533~1.121
乏力            
  a            
  -0.373 0.21 3.143 0.076 0.689 0.456~1.040
咳嗽            
  a            
  -0.283 0.183 2.391 0.122 0.753 0.526~1.079
咯痰            
  a            
  -0.247 0.195 1.605 0.205 0.781 0.533~1.145
咽痛            
  a            
  -0.305 0.217 1.974 0.160 0.737 0.482~1.128
胸闷            
  a            
  -0.602 0.267 5.085 0.024 0.548 0.324~0.924
WBC(× 109/L)            
  ≤ 4a            
  > 4 0.110 0.202 0.298 0.585 1.117 0.751~1.660
NE(× 109/L)            
  ≤ 2.5a            
  > 2.5 0.051 0.188 0.075 0.785 1.053 0.728~1.523
LY(× 109/L)            
  ≤ 1a            
  > 1 0.131 0.257 0.261 0.609 1.140 0.689~1.886
NK细胞(个/μl)            
  ≤ 200a            
  > 200 -0.086 0.183 0.219 0.640 0.918 0.641~1.314
B细胞(个/μl)            
  ≤ 200a            
  > 200 0.099 0.188 0.275 0.600 1.104 0.764~1.595
CD3+ T细胞(个/μl)            
  ≤ 1 000a            
  > 1 000 0.440 0.187 5.502 0.019 1.552 1.075~2.241
CD4+ T细胞(个/μl)            
  ≤ 350a            
  > 350 -0.030 0.238 0.015 0.901 0.971 0.608~1.549
CD8+ T细胞(个/μl)            
  ≤ 300a            
  > 300 0.569 0.19 8.973 0.003 1.767 1.217~2.564
CRP(mg/L)            
  ≤ 5a            
  > 5 -0.042 0.19 0.05 0.823 0.958 0.661~1.390
D-Dimer(mg/L)            
  ≤ 0.5a            
  > 0.5 -0.512 0.221 5.354 0.021 0.600 0.389~0.925
ALB(g/L)            
  ≤ 40a            
  > 40 0.297 0.239 1.541 0.214 1.346 0.842~2.150
LDH(U/L)            
  ≤ 250a            
  > 250 -0.350 0.238 2.169 0.141 0.705 0.442~1.123
图1 不同分组的COVID-19患者鼻咽拭子SARS-CoV-2核酸阴转时间注:A:年龄≤ 45岁 vs.年龄> 45岁患者;B:最高体温≤ 39.0 ℃ vs.最高体温> 39.0 ℃患者;C:入院患者外周血CD8+ T细胞≤ 300个/μl vs. CD8+ T细胞> 300个/μl患者
表3 影响COVID-19患者鼻咽拭子SARS-CoV-2核酸阴转时间的多因素Cox回归分析
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