通过对黑热病复发患者两性霉素B脂质体（L-AmB）治疗病例进行回顾性总结，为临床诊疗提供依据。

回顾性分析患者的临床资料、诊疗经过和实验室指标。

患者，男性、60岁。6个月前因发热、血常规示血红蛋白、白细胞计数及血小板计数减低、脾脏肿大等经骨髓检测确诊黑热病，予足量锑剂治疗好转。仅间隔5个月，再次出现上述症状，复查骨髓提示黑热病复发，经L-AmB个体化梯形方案给药并小剂量维持（第1日10 mg，约0.15 mg·kg^-1·d^-1；第2日起按照10 mg/d逐日递增，至40 mg/d，约0.6 mg·kg^-1·d^-1小剂量维持，直至达指南推荐剂量）治疗好转，随访3个月无复发。

L-AmB梯形方案给药并小剂量维持可实现黑热病的病原学治愈。

To provide better diagnosis and therapy through a retrospective summary of a case of low dose maintenance of liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) on relapse of kala-azar.

The clinical data, treatment course and laboratory indexes of the patient were analyzed, retrospectively.

A 60-years-old male, suffered from fever, pancytopenia and splenomegaly six months ago. The patient was diagnosed by kala-azer through bone marrow examination, and improved after treatment of adequate antimonial. The above symptoms occurred after an interval of 5 months. By bone marrow examination, kala-azar was verified again. L-AmB (10 mg at the first day, about 0.15 mg·kg^-1·d^-1; from the second day, the dose gradually increased from 10 mg/d to 40 mg/d, with a low dose of about 0.6 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 until the recommended dose) was used and effective. The L-AmB was constructed as trapezoidal scheme and then kept with a low dose. The patient improved without relapse in three-month follow-up.

L-AmB constructed as trapezoidal scheme and then kept with a low dose could achieve the etiological cure of kala-azar.