对恙虫病防治基础和临床研究最新进展进行综述，为提升恙虫病防治水平提供理论依据。通过万方数据、维普网、中国知网以"恙虫病"为检索词，检索时间为2015年1月至2017年6月，检出文章共238篇。对检出文献进行筛查、整理、综合、综述，发现恙虫病发病率近年来急剧升高，但医务人员对其认识不足，导致误诊、误治发生率高。医务人员特别是基层和非疫区医务人员对该病认知不足，病史询问和体检不详细；确诊方法阳性率低、特异性差。提高对恙虫病发病的认识，恙虫病的热型为稽留热、弛张热，热度为高热或超高热；仔细查体寻找焦痂、皮疹是减少误诊的首要步骤；通过恙虫病东方体检测、恙虫病东方体IgM检测为确诊恙虫病的关键；血常规（白细胞总数下降、嗜酸性粒细胞下降）、降钙素原（升高）、多器官功能损害证据等对恙虫病确诊具有重要意义。

This article reviewed the advances in basic science and clinical studies in treatment of scrub typhus. VIP Database, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), and Wanfang Data were retrieved by a computer. There were 238 papers published in Chinese medical journals about scrub typhus from January 2015 to June 2017 in the selected database. The study of scrub typhus were collected and analyzed. The lack of the diagnosis and treatment experience of scrub typhus were the main causes of diagnostic errors and therapeutic errors. The majority of cases were not definitively diagnosed by laboratory tests, while a small amount cases were confirmed by laboratory tests according to surveillance data. Since there were no specific laboratory diagnostic tests for scrub typhus in hospitals, many suspected cases only be diagnosed by patients’ clinical manifestation. It could be inferred that many cases without typical clinical manifestations (such as hemophagocytic syndrome, eschar lesion, ulcer) may cause diagnostic errors. This article strongly suggest that it is necessary to perform laboratory tests on suspected cases. That suggested the strengthening understanding of prevention and control technology of scrub typhus could be the key to avoid misdiagnosis and mistherapy.